Pupil progress (‘Progress 8’) between ages 11 and 16 (key stage 2 to key stage 4)

Published 28 November 2017

Last updated 14 May 2019 - see all updates

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Contents

1. Main facts and figures

• in 2015/16, 512,084 pupils were included in Progress 8, measuring pupil progress between the ages of 11 and 16 years: 80% were White, 9% were Asian, 5% were Black, 4% were Mixed, 1% were Other, and 0.3% were Chinese

• Chinese, Other, Asian and Black pupils made more than average progress between the ages of 11 to 16, and Mixed ethnicity and White pupils made less than average progress

• pupils eligible for free school meals made less progress between the ages of 11 and 16 than those not eligible

• overall, and within every ethnic group, girls made more progress than boys

• White boys in non-selective schools in highly selective areas were less likely to make progress than any other group in any other type of school

• overall, girls and boys in Muslim schools were more likely to make progress than pupils in schools both of other religious faith, or no religious faith

• new data has been published for the year 2016/17 – this data isn’t currently reflected in the charts, tables and commentary on this page, but you can get a CSV file with the latest figures if you download the data

Things you need to know

Please be aware that some of the statistics quoted here for some ethnic groups are based on very small numbers of pupils (for example, only 130 Chinese children were eligible for free school meals in 2015/16) and are highly variable over time.

Because the results for Chinese pupils are based on a very small number, the average score for this group can be heavily influenced by one pupil either performing exceptionally, or getting a very low score.

Attainment is lower for children from a Traveller of Irish heritage background – however, there were only 122 pupils from this background in key stage 4 in 2015/16. This was a much smaller number than for other ethnic groups (for example, there were 20,434 Pakistani pupils in key stage 4). Therefore, data comparisons between Traveller of Irish Heritage pupils and other ethnic groups may be unreliable.

The ethnicity of 1.1% of pupils (5,771) is not known. This includes pupils whose ethnicity was not surveyed, pupils who refused to be surveyed, and pupils whose ethnicity could not be determined.

The Department of Education (DfE) has excluded, or ‘suppressed’, very small numbers (for example, values of 1 or 2, a percentage based on 1 or 2 pupils who achieved, or 0, 1 or 2 pupils who did not achieve a particular level).

This is because, where the size of the ethnic group population is small enough that an individual’s identity could be revealed, information is suppressed to preserve confidentiality. This is consistent with DfE’s statistical policy statement on confidentiality (PDF opens in a new window or tab) (PDF).

The Progress 8 measure only includes qualifications which count towards the secondary performance tables.

Schools that offer unapproved qualifications, such as unregulated international GCSEs, will not have these qualifications counted in the performance tables. Achievements in these qualifications by pupils at such schools are not reflected in this data.

This data therefore represents the performance of schools and pupils in qualifications which count in the performance tables, rather than all qualifications taken by pupils. The difference between the figures for all schools and state-funded mainstream schools is mostly due to the impact of the unregulated international GCSEs taken in independent schools.

Data for some Muslim and Sikh schools was not included in the statistics for faith schools, because the small numbers of pupils make it impossible to draw meaningful conclusions about their attainment. Data for faith schools is also only provided for pupils in state-funded mainstream schools.

Progress 8 is a relative measure. The measure calculates the national average for progress between the ages of 11 and 16 at mainstream schools, and designates that as zero. It then measures the progress of individual groups against that national average baseline.

The national average for pupils at special schools is less than zero, because Progress 8 scores for these schools are calculated by comparison with Attainment 8 scores attained by pupils in mainstream schools.

Schools can ask for a pupil to be removed from their performance results if the pupil:

• arrived recently from overseas their first language isn’t English
• was admitted following a permanent exclusion from another school
• is not at the end of key stage 4
• has left England to live abroad
• has died

Pupils removed from a school’s performance results may still be included in the national figures.

What the data measures

This data measures how much progress students make between the end of key stage 2 (year 6, when they are usually aged 11 years) and the end of key stage 4 (year 11, when they are usually aged 16 years).

The data covers the academic year 2015/16 (September 2015 to July 2016).

‘Progress 8’ is one of 2 new ways of measuring how well students do at 16. The other is Attainment 8. These measures were first implemented by the Department for Education (DfE) in 2016.

The 8 subjects which make up Attainment 8 include English and Maths, which are both ‘double-weighted’, meaning they are given twice the importance of other subjects.

Of the remaining 6 subjects:

• 3 must come from qualifications that go towards the English Baccalaureate (EBacc)
• 3 can be either EBacc subjects, GCSE subjects, or technical qualifications from a list approved by DfE

Each individual grade a pupil achieves is assigned a point score, which is then used to calculate their total Attainment 8 score.

Progress 8 measures the progress students make between the ages of 11 and 16. It does this by comparing an individual pupil’s Attainment 8 score with the national average score for pupils with a similar starting point. This starting point, known as prior attainment, is calculated using pupil assessments from the end of primary school (that is, the end of key stage 2, when children are between 7 and 11).

The higher a pupil’s Progress 8 score, the more progress they have made in comparison with the national average for pupils with similar starting points.

The data presented here calculates a national average for Progress 8 and compares it to average Progress 8 scores for pupils coming from different ethnic groups.

As well as average pupil scores, the data also measures the Progress 8 score of schools. A school’s Progress 8 score is the average of all its pupils’ individual Progress 8 scores.

A school Progress 8 score of 0 means the average attainment of pupils at this school is in line with the national average for pupils coming from similar starting points. A score above 0 means pupils at the school are doing better than average, and a score below 0 means they are doing less well than average.

Just as the data calculates ethnic group averages from individual pupil scores, so it also calculates type of school averages from individual school scores. This allows comparison in attainment between different types of school.

A time series for this data isn’t available, because 2016 was the first year all schools were assessed using the Progress 8 measure.

For the ‘Average Progress 8 scores by ethnicity and type of school’ table, schools are divided into the following 11 categories (some of which group a number of different types of school together):

• all state-funded schools (includes local authority-maintained schools, academies, free schools, city technology colleges and state-funded special schools)

• all state-funded mainstream schools (includes local authority-maintained mainstream schools, academies, free schools, city technology colleges)

• academies and free schools (all-ability, state-funded schools set up by a sponsor or by local people, respectively)

• converter academies (formerly schools, of various types)

• free schools (all-ability, state-funded schools set up by local people)

• further education colleges with provision for 14 to 16-year-olds (vocational and general qualifications)

• local authority-maintained mainstream schools (state-funded schools wholly or partly under local authority control, including community schools, foundation schools, voluntary-aided schools, voluntary-controlled schools and local authority-maintained special schools)

• sponsored academies (all-ability, state-funded schools established and managed by sponsors)

• state-funded special schools (includes local authority maintained special schools, academy sponsor-led special schools, academy special schools and special free schools)

• studio schools (a new model of school offering mainstream qualifications through practical, project-based learning)

• university technical colleges (new 14 to 19 academies specialising in subjects that need modern, technical, industry-standard equipment alongside general education)

Find more on types of school in Revised GCSE and equivalent results in England 2015 to 2016 Quality and methodology information (PDF opens in a new window or tab) (PDF).

The ethnic categories used in this data

This data uses categories from the Department for Education’s school census, which is broadly based on the 2001 national Census, with 3 exceptions:

• Traveller of Irish Heritage and Gypsy/Roma children have been separated into 2 categories
• Sri Lankan has been added to the Asian/Asian British group but is not reported separately
• Chinese pupils have been assigned a separate category

These changes were made after consultations with local authorities and lobby groups.

The categories in the school census are as follows:

White:

• White British
• White Irish
• Traveller of Irish Heritage
• Gypsy/Roma
• Other White

Mixed/Multiple ethnic groups:

• White and Black Caribbean
• White and Black African
• White and Asian
• Other Mixed background

Asian/Asian British:

• Indian
• Pakistani
• Bangladeshi
• Sri Lankan
• Other Asian background

Black/African/Caribbean/Black British:

• Black African
• Black Caribbean
• Other Black background
• Chinese
• Other ethnic group

Information is provided for both detailed and broad ethnic groups where possible and when the data is available.

The 6 broad categories used are as follows:

• Asian/Asian British
• Black/African/Caribbean/Black British
• Chinese
• Mixed/Multiple ethnic groups
• White
• Other ethnic group

However, local authority data is only provided for 5 broad ethnic groups. Information about the specific ethnic categories is excluded to preserve confidentiality and ensure individuals cannot be identified. Information about the Other ethnic group is not given because DfE does not publish data for this group at the local authority level.

The 5 broad categories are as follows:

• Asian/Asian British
• Black/African/Caribbean/Black British
• Chinese
• Mixed/Multiple ethnic groups
• White

2. By ethnicity

• Location: England
• Time period: 2015/16
• Source: Revised GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2015 to 2016

Average Progress 8 score by ethnicity

Ethnicity	Score	Pupils
All	-0.03	512,084
Asian	0.31	46,394
Bangladeshi	0.33	7,800
Indian	0.47	12,564
Pakistani	0.13	19,032
Asian other	0.49	6,998
Black	0.17	24,265
Black African	0.34	14,658
Black Caribbean	-0.15	6,808
Black other	0.09	2,799
Chinese	0.68	1,606
Mixed	-0.04	21,311
Mixed White/Asian	0.10	4,717
Mixed White/Black African	0.03	2,423
Mixed White/Black Caribbean	-0.27	7,018
Mixed other	0.06	7,153
White	-0.09	407,271
White British	-0.11	387,510
White Irish	0.07	1,629
White Irish Traveller	-1.16	114
White Gypsy/Roma	-0.69	689
White other	0.42	17,329
Other	0.47	6,307
Unknown	-0.32	4,930

Download table data (CSV) Source data (CSV)

Summary of Pupil progress (‘Progress 8’) between ages 11 and 16 (key stage 2 to key stage 4) By ethnicity Summary

This data shows that:

• among the broad ethnic groups, pupils in the Chinese, Other, Asian and Black groups made better than average progress between the ages of 11 and 16 – these groups achieved Progress 8 scores of 0.68, 0.47, 0.31 and 0.17, respectively, compared with a national average of 0

• pupils in the White and Mixed ethnic groups made below average progress between the ages of 11 and 16 – these groups achieved scores of -0.09 and -0.04, respectively, compared with a national average of 0

• among the specific ethnic groups, Chinese pupils had the highest average score (0.68) and Traveller of Irish Heritage the lowest (-1.16), followed by Gypsy/Roma pupils (-0.69) and Mixed White and Black Caribbean pupils (-0.27)

3. By ethnicity and eligibility for free school meals

• Location: England
• Time period: 2015/16
• Source: Revised GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2015 to 2016

Average Progress 8 score by ethnicity and eligibility for free school meals (FSM)

	Non-FSM		FSM
Ethnicity	Non-FSM Score	Non-FSM Pupils	FSM Score	FSM Pupils
All	0.04	442,994	-0.46	69,090
Asian	0.36	38,000	0.11	8,394
Bangladeshi	0.36	5,446	0.25	2,354
Indian	0.49	11,569	0.24	995
Pakistani	0.18	14,783	-0.04	4,249
Asian other	0.51	6,202	0.28	796
Black	0.22	18,453	0.04	5,812
Black African	0.37	11,125	0.25	3,533
Black Caribbean	-0.09	5,192	-0.34	1,616
Black other	0.16	2,136	-0.14	663
Chinese	0.68	1,488	0.64	118
Mixed	0.05	17,291	-0.44	4,020
Mixed White/Asian	0.17	4,025	-0.36	692
Mixed White/Black African	0.11	1,940	-0.25	483
Mixed White/Black Caribbean	-0.17	5,425	-0.60	1,593
Mixed other	0.15	5,901	-0.35	1,252
White	-0.01	359,049	-0.65	48,222
White British	-0.03	341,879	-0.68	45,631
White Irish	0.15	1,446	-0.54	183
White Irish Traveller	-0.91	47	-1.34	67
White Gypsy/Roma	-0.61	439	-0.82	250
White other	0.47	15,238	0.07	2,091
Other	0.53	4,679	0.31	1,628
Unknown	-0.24	4,034	-0.68	896

Download table data (CSV) Source data (CSV)

Summary of Pupil progress (‘Progress 8’) between ages 11 and 16 (key stage 2 to key stage 4) By ethnicity and eligibility for free school meals Summary

Eligibility for FSM is used as an indicator of deprivation by the Department for Education. For more about who qualifies for FSM, see Methodology and type of data.

This data shows that:

• in 2015/16, overall, 13% of pupils included in Progress 8 were eligible for FSM (69,090 pupils)

• 26% of pupils from the Other ethnic background, 24% of Black pupils, 19% of Mixed ethnic pupils, 18% of Asian pupils, 12% of White pupils and 7% of Chinese pupils were eligible for FSM

• overall, pupils eligible for FSM made less progress between the ages of 11 and 16, with an average Progress 8 score of -0.46, compared with 0.04 for non-eligible pupils; and within every ethnic group, pupils eligible for FSM did less well than those not eligible

• of FSM-eligible pupils, Chinese students made the most progress, with an average score of 0.64, and Traveller of Irish Heritage pupils made the least progress, with a score of -1.34

• the Irish ethnic group saw the widest gap in progress made between the ages of 11 and 16, with FSM-eligible pupils scoring -0.54, and non-eligible, 0.15

4. By ethnicity and area

• Location: England
• Time period: 2015/16
• Source: Revised GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2015 to 2016

Average Progress 8 score by ethnicity and area

	All pupils		Asian		Chinese		Black		Mixed		White
Local Authority	All pupils Score	All pupils Pupils	Asian Score	Asian Pupils	Chinese Score	Chinese Pupils	Black Score	Black Pupils	Mixed Score	Mixed Pupils	White Score	White Pupils
All - England	-0.03	512,084	0.31	46,394	0.68	1,606	0.17	24,265	-0.04	21,311	-0.09	407,271
Barking and Dagenham	0.15	2,024	0.54	374	0.18	5	0.36	477	-0.10	134	-0.06	987
Barnet	0.33	3,265	0.58	450	0.66	40	0.20	439	0.31	333	0.27	1,668
Barnsley	-0.22	2,042	0.90	4	N/A*	0	0.64	9	-0.20	29	-0.22	1,990
Bath and North East Somerset	-0.02	1,939	0.30	21	1.08	5	-0.08	16	-0.36	68	-0.01	1,801
Bedford	0.14	1,762	0.43	260	1.47	3	0.40	94	-0.04	139	0.07	1,245
Bexley	-0.04	3,052	0.31	184	0.38	38	0.35	480	-0.12	151	-0.17	2,134
Birmingham	0.00	11,289	0.03	4,354	0.81	36	0.14	1,307	-0.05	783	-0.11	4,306
Blackburn with Darwen	0.11	1,696	0.47	711			-0.17	12	0.11	59	-0.18	897
Blackpool	-0.38	1,286	0.80	16	1.31	4	0.01	7	0.12	24	-0.40	1,233
Bolton	-0.20	3,093	0.27	579	0.92	6	0.29	82	-0.25	85	-0.35	2,299
Bournemouth	-0.01	1,484	1.16	33	0.82	6	0.36	9	0.12	62	-0.06	1,335
Bracknell Forest	0.09	1,026	0.78	38	0.88	3	0.06	22	0.21	47	0.05	910
Bradford	-0.15	5,561	-0.02	2,371			0.36	59	-0.35	207	-0.26	2,844
Brent	0.31	2,577	0.52	747	0.70	8	0.02	703	-0.11	138	0.28	458
Brighton and Hove	0.02	2,017	0.44	70			0.36	35	0.18	162	-0.02	1,728
Bristol, City of	-0.19	2,952	0.33	222	0.60	13	0.01	235	-0.30	199	-0.26	2,228
Bromley	0.10	3,138	0.65	147	0.47	32	0.26	244	0.19	215	0.12	2,342
Buckinghamshire	0.01	5,139	0.12	784	0.26	13	0.07	108	-0.13	276	0.00	3,882
Bury	-0.06	1,976	0.32	220	0.07	3	0.32	32	-0.09	96	-0.12	1,593
Calderdale	-0.03	2,461	0.16	363	0.43	4	0.52	18	-0.05	89	-0.07	1,977
Cambridgeshire	0.11	5,434	0.56	168	1.13	19	0.43	46	0.17	179	0.08	4,951
Camden	0.00	1,344	0.11	260	0.81	7	0.07	330	-0.31	138	-0.10	518
Central Bedfordshire	-0.07	2,532	0.27	42	0.74	9	0.33	37	-0.07	101	-0.08	2,328
Cheshire East	-0.15	3,637	0.32	49	0.33	13	-0.22	12	-0.31	88	-0.15	3,433
Cheshire West and Chester	0.04	3,285	0.66	27	0.43	8	-0.02	10	0.18	63	0.03	3,149
City of London	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*
Cornwall	0.03	5,271	0.67	18			-0.14	7	0.09	93	0.03	5,089
County Durham	-0.13	4,909	0.74	30	0.59	6	-0.29	6	-0.03	36	-0.12	4,793
Coventry	-0.05	3,242	0.47	614	0.43	8	0.35	202	-0.24	171	-0.22	2,194
Croydon	0.08	3,395	0.47	391	0.45	19	0.10	1,006	-0.08	389	0.01	1,432
Cumbria	-0.23	4,990	0.51	23	0.11	8	-0.48	7	0.11	44	-0.23	4,873
Darlington	-0.39	1,100	-0.08	20					-0.35	13	-0.39	1,054
Derby	-0.17	2,639	0.02	446	0.97	8	-0.13	78	-0.31	163	-0.22	1,924
Derbyshire	-0.27	7,505	-0.04	72	0.07	13	0.13	18	-0.29	154	-0.27	7,189
Devon	-0.02	6,721	0.56	26	0.98	7	0.82	12	0.06	82	-0.03	6,514
Doncaster	-0.21	2,928	0.25	67	0.43	10	-0.13	30	-0.04	58	-0.24	2,732
Dorset	-0.04	4,038	0.43	37	0.85	6	0.83	8	-0.07	77	-0.06	3,842
Dudley	-0.22	3,515	0.10	282	0.13	3	0.04	59	-0.36	168	-0.26	2,945
Ealing	0.28	2,459	0.42	635	0.71	4	0.17	521	0.11	186	0.17	755
East Riding of Yorkshire	0.10	3,289	0.19	10					0.09	42	0.09	3,175
East Sussex	0.04	4,753	0.90	53	0.77	8	0.68	25	0.11	156	0.04	4,395
Enfield	0.05	3,304	0.30	298	0.52	19	0.10	794	-0.13	306	0.02	1,631
Essex	0.00	14,052	0.49	287	0.57	45	0.40	278	0.05	511	-0.02	12,763
Gateshead	-0.15	1,880	0.85	34			1.24	12	0.27	19	-0.19	1,784
Gloucestershire	-0.05	5,971	0.49	133	0.93	17	-0.29	54	-0.25	182	-0.05	5,530
Greenwich	-0.01	2,009	0.66	177	0.36	23	0.21	539	-0.11	185	-0.23	1,006
Hackney	0.35	1,910	0.45	267	0.81	10	0.25	657	0.27	189	0.39	649
Halton	-0.19	1,356			N/A*	0			-0.01	24	-0.19	1,320
Hammersmith and Fulham	0.12	1,228	0.23	95	0.76	4	0.01	311	-0.03	123	0.15	574
Hampshire	-0.03	12,632	0.55	288	0.64	28	0.27	88	-0.09	326	-0.05	11,770
Haringey	0.28	1,977	0.39	121	0.82	7	0.13	570	0.18	232	0.35	873
Harrow	0.32	1,879	0.46	790	0.28	9	0.24	325	0.10	153	0.19	538
Hartlepool	-0.33	1,050	0.30	14					-0.12	7	-0.34	1,023
Havering	-0.14	2,810	0.40	104	0.29	10	0.13	327	-0.14	124	-0.21	2,189
Herefordshire, County of	-0.03	1,634	0.77	5	1.60	4	-0.15	5	0.91	22	-0.05	1,590
Hertfordshire	0.06	12,043	0.44	777	0.74	50	0.28	396	0.02	667	0.02	9,954
Hillingdon	0.06	2,926	0.43	690	0.73	8	0.17	299	0.10	285	-0.23	1,418
Hounslow	0.29	2,355	0.62	624	0.91	5	0.30	320	0.31	206	0.18	879
Isle of Wight	-0.33	1,271	-0.06	10			N/A*	0	-0.31	27	-0.33	1,220
Isles of Scilly	0.00	22	N/A*	0	N/A*	0	N/A*	0	N/A*	0	-0.05	20
Islington	0.19	1,309	0.51	169			0.22	400	0.04	153	0.03	467
Kensington and Chelsea	0.34	679	0.49	22			0.32	140	0.26	103	0.31	275
Kent	-0.04	14,844	0.61	474	0.77	54	0.41	246	0.11	480	-0.08	13,351
Kingston upon Hull, City of	0.03	2,172	0.43	15			0.52	15	0.31	40	0.05	1,974
Kingston upon Thames	0.34	1,416	0.58	316	0.62	15	0.23	66	0.37	107	0.23	836
Kirklees	-0.11	4,397	0.12	1,097	0.77	7	0.01	74	-0.28	221	-0.19	2,963
Knowsley	-0.89	1,126							-0.44	20	-0.91	1,086
Lambeth	0.06	1,731	0.32	70	0.25	14	-0.02	880	-0.05	216	0.20	436
Lancashire	-0.11	11,764	0.20	1,073	0.62	25	0.10	32	-0.14	258	-0.14	10,294
Leeds	-0.06	7,128	0.08	804	1.27	23	0.27	333	-0.19	313	-0.09	5,544
Leicester	-0.14	3,055	0.19	1,406			0.11	306	-0.52	200	-0.55	1,084
Leicestershire	-0.12	6,847	0.64	475	0.47	15	0.20	40	-0.03	232	-0.19	5,998
Lewisham	-0.14	2,139	0.41	114	0.70	31	-0.19	954	-0.21	275	-0.21	638
Lincolnshire	-0.11	7,448	0.50	66	0.53	14	0.07	26	0.20	123	-0.12	7,166
Liverpool	-0.35	4,387	0.31	108	0.61	40	0.01	117	-0.47	187	-0.38	3,788
Luton	0.01	2,260	0.22	901	-0.02	4	0.20	259	-0.25	178	-0.23	886
Manchester	-0.03	4,236	0.44	837	0.94	36	0.24	597	-0.28	325	-0.32	2,216
Medway	0.05	2,849	0.66	150	0.69	9	0.30	92	0.04	112	-0.01	2,444
Merton	0.27	1,298	0.54	190	1.45	4	0.24	267	0.23	146	0.21	669
Middlesbrough	-0.12	1,408	0.80	163	N/A*	0	0.92	13	0.24	48	-0.22	1,141
Milton Keynes	-0.12	2,623	0.23	188	0.50	15	0.37	269	-0.12	176	-0.23	1,926
Newcastle upon Tyne	-0.07	2,271	0.56	223	0.38	7	0.74	57	0.43	57	-0.19	1,872
Newham	0.23	3,112	0.40	1,471	0.59	9	0.16	826	-0.18	190	-0.07	471
Norfolk	0.01	7,692	0.63	82	0.48	14	0.57	51	0.07	158	0.00	7,310
North East Lincolnshire	-0.06	1,565	0.23	8					0.13	37	-0.08	1,463
North Lincolnshire	0.08	1,817	0.53	60	0.76	3	0.31	9	0.37	19	0.06	1,718
North Somerset	-0.12	2,098	0.11	27	0.61	5	0.28	14	0.18	63	-0.13	1,980
North Tyneside	-0.04	1,883	0.27	36	1.30	9	0.34	8	0.26	32	-0.06	1,780
North Yorkshire	0.04	5,958	0.43	81	0.96	13	0.49	16	0.18	117	0.03	5,686
Northamptonshire	-0.13	7,319	0.45	300	0.78	17	0.27	229	-0.05	316	-0.18	6,392
Northumberland	-0.14	3,128	0.64	38	0.79	6			0.24	33	-0.16	3,041
Nottingham	-0.35	2,376	0.10	412			-0.06	209	-0.49	222	-0.52	1,469
Nottinghamshire	-0.04	7,691	0.36	169		21	0.08	67	-0.20	235	-0.04	7,105
Oldham	-0.34	2,811	0.07	780	1.05	6	0.16	36	-0.45	83	-0.49	1,860
Oxfordshire	0.01	5,677	0.32	289	0.91	14	0.37	108	-0.05	268	-0.02	4,937
Peterborough	-0.03	2,097	0.20	341	0.55	8	0.49	56	-0.01	101	-0.10	1,556
Plymouth	-0.14	2,565	0.73	23	1.43	7	0.55	14	0.02	38	-0.16	2,439
Poole	0.04	1,378	0.87	28			0.49	3	0.25	45	0.01	1,288
Portsmouth	-0.17	1,662	0.53	86	0.50	7	0.87	27	0.41	52	-0.26	1,468
Reading	-0.11	1,051	0.38	186	0.87	18	0.09	74	-0.49	95	-0.25	657
Redbridge	0.28	3,097	0.43	1,470	0.82	16	0.21	470	-0.01	219	0.14	835
Redcar and Cleveland	-0.30	1,610	0.08	19					0.00	20	-0.31	1,561
Richmond upon Thames	0.10	1,266	0.42	77	0.96	10	-0.04	43	-0.02	124	0.08	967
Rochdale	-0.08	2,247	0.23	533			0.69	52	0.13	70	-0.22	1,577
Rotherham	0.04	3,257	0.21	223	0.68	8	0.65	31	-0.19	57	0.02	2,922
Rutland	0.29	466	0.53	3	N/A*	0	0.37	3	0.02	8	0.29	451
Salford	-0.30	1,953	0.75	31	0.08	6	0.47	48	-0.08	67	-0.37	1,763
Sandwell	-0.29	3,318	0.20	879	1.11	3	-0.14	220	-0.39	212	-0.52	1,936
Sefton	-0.24	3,012	0.48	17	0.11	7	0.27	15	-0.07	59	-0.21	2,850
Sheffield	0.01	5,012	0.26	458	0.82	12	0.27	219	-0.12	259	-0.05	3,891
Shropshire	-0.05	2,825	0.45	15	0.85	7	0.16	4	0.03	51	-0.05	2,719
Slough	0.22	1,519	0.34	747	0.86	5	0.28	139	0.09	104	-0.05	459
Solihull	-0.09	2,921	0.26	259	0.62	10	-0.10	66	-0.21	180	-0.12	2,339
Somerset	0.03	4,935	0.64	39	0.39	5	-0.01	10	0.17	92	0.02	4,769
South Gloucestershire	-0.23	2,699	0.36	61	0.61	6	-0.20	36	-0.14	102	-0.25	2,479
South Tyneside	-0.16	1,517	0.24	54	N/A*	0	-0.18	6	-0.32	17	-0.17	1,408
Southampton	-0.12	1,849	0.67	163	0.78	7	0.59	47	-0.09	91	-0.23	1,520
Southend-on-Sea	-0.01	1,926	0.46	117	0.61	22	0.38	108	-0.12	84	-0.07	1,575
Southwark	0.22	2,192	0.53	109	0.77	31	0.34	1,000	0.03	245	-0.01	653
St. Helens	-0.33	1,740	0.66	13	0.60	4	-0.08	7	-0.09	15	-0.33	1,652
Staffordshire	-0.10	8,576	0.26	234	1.27	17	0.20	32	-0.06	176	-0.11	8,045
Stockport	0.02	2,741	0.32	151	0.79	10	0.36	18	0.16	100	-0.01	2,426
Stockton-on-Tees	-0.17	1,950	0.34	96					-0.27	22	-0.20	1,815
Stoke-on-Trent	-0.08	2,179	0.25	285	0.43	6	0.10	34	0.02	69	-0.15	1,756
Suffolk	0.02	6,903	0.70	91	0.67	3	0.35	37	0.07	280	0.00	6,243
Sunderland	-0.17	2,772	0.48	88	0.98	3	0.22	14	0.09	25	-0.20	2,629
Surrey	0.14	9,844	0.57	527	0.76	34	0.32	143	0.20	443	0.10	8,582
Sutton	0.17	2,501	0.62	465	0.64	40	0.27	188	0.15	184	0.00	1,563
Swindon	-0.17	2,004	0.48	156	0.18	7	0.19	32	-0.09	57	-0.24	1,712
Tameside	-0.13	2,420	0.42	233	0.62	9	0.64	24	-0.07	68	-0.22	2,054
Telford and Wrekin	-0.15	1,920	0.04	109	0.45	6	0.34	24	-0.08	66	-0.17	1,704
Thurrock	-0.01	1,654	0.49	59	0.78	9	0.48	142	0.29	54	-0.11	1,358
Torbay	-0.09	1,433	0.73	12	0.54	3	0.40	6	0.27	35	-0.02	1,288
Tower Hamlets	0.15	2,348	0.31	1,595	0.99	9	0.17	264	-0.45	120	-0.43	288
Trafford	0.05	2,576	0.23	301	0.51	43	0.08	67	0.05	124	0.01	1,989
Wakefield	0.06	3,535	0.48	110			0.31	27	0.12	61	0.04	3,321
Walsall	-0.24	3,158	0.13	592			0.12	121	-0.40	153	-0.36	2,266
Waltham Forest	0.23	2,301	0.44	601	0.95	9	0.07	556	0.03	221	0.21	838
Wandsworth	0.15	1,484	0.49	285	0.54	13	0.02	426	-0.04	175	0.10	512
Warrington	-0.16	2,303	0.35	46	0.52	5	0.19	10	-0.25	32	-0.18	2,176
Warwickshire	0.02	5,395	0.48	245	0.59	13	0.24	42	-0.01	177	-0.01	4,857
West Berkshire	0.07	1,833	0.48	47	0.74	10	-0.19	22	0.14	69	0.10	1,651
West Sussex	0.10	7,751	0.52	291	0.58	9	0.21	102	0.15	231	0.08	7,050
Westminster	0.32	1,430	0.45	179	0.72	16	0.10	311	0.24	119	0.30	450
Wigan	-0.09	3,348	0.59	26	0.62	3	0.15	14	0.08	64	-0.10	3,226
Wiltshire	0.01	4,639	0.63	57	0.97	4	0.35	31	-0.06	104	0.00	4,362
Windsor and Maidenhead	0.16	1,342	0.23	176	0.42	7	-0.10	20	0.44	85	0.13	1,038
Wirral	-0.04	3,269	0.80	56	0.87	11	0.83	6	-0.14	64	-0.06	3,108
Wokingham	0.19	1,517	0.38	149	0.71	9	0.36	67	-0.12	85	0.18	1,180
Wolverhampton	-0.13	2,330	0.34	491			0.04	198	-0.32	218	-0.29	1,399
Worcestershire	0.04	5,407	0.51	128	0.68	6	0.27	18	0.05	165	0.03	5,055
York	0.05	1,519	1.04	9	0.74	7	0.69	8	0.42	30	0.03	1,457

^* Not applicable Data withheld to protect confidentiality

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Summary of Pupil progress (‘Progress 8’) between ages 11 and 16 (key stage 2 to key stage 4) By ethnicity and area Summary

This data shows that:

• pupils in Hackney in London made the most progress between ages 11 and 16, with an average Progress 8 score of 0.35; pupils in Knowsley in the North West made the least progress, with an average score of -0.89

• the average Progress 8 score was highest for White pupils in Hackney in London, for Mixed and Chinese pupils in Herefordshire in the West Midlands, for Asian pupils in Bournemouth in the South West, and for Black pupils in Gateshead in the North East

• the average Progress 8 score was lowest for White pupils in Knowsley in the North West, for Mixed pupils in Leicester in the East Midlands, for Asian pupils in Darlington in the North East, for Chinese pupils in Luton in the East of England and for Black pupils in Cumbria in the North West

5. By ethnicity and gender

• Location: England
• Time period: 2015/16
• Source: Revised GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2015 to 2016

Average Progress 8 score by ethnicity and gender

	Boys		Girls
Ethnicity	Boys Score	Boys Pupils	Girls Score	Girls Pupils
All	-0.17	260,504	0.11	251,580
Asian	0.17	23,895	0.46	22,499
Bangladeshi	0.18	3,954	0.48	3,846
Indian	0.35	6,522	0.59	6,042
Pakistani	-0.03	9,802	0.30	9,230
Asian other	0.35	3,617	0.63	3,381
Black	-0.01	12,056	0.35	12,209
Black African	0.17	7,307	0.51	7,351
Black Caribbean	-0.35	3,353	0.05	3,455
Black other	-0.12	1,396	0.30	1,403
Chinese	0.56	816	0.80	790
Mixed	-0.19	10,745	0.10	10,566
Mixed White/Asian	-0.02	2,367	0.21	2,350
Mixed White/Black African	-0.14	1,232	0.21	1,191
Mixed White/Black Caribbean	-0.44	3,539	-0.09	3,479
Mixed other	-0.06	3,607	0.19	3,546
White	-0.22	207,213	0.05	200,058
White British	-0.24	197,273	0.03	190,237
White Irish	-0.08	800	0.22	829
White Irish Traveller	-1.32	61	-0.97	53
White Gypsy/Roma	-0.75	325	-0.63	364
White other	0.27	8,754	0.57	8,575
Other	0.35	3,245	0.60	3,062
Unknown	-0.44	2,534	-0.20	2,396

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Summary of Pupil progress (‘Progress 8’) between ages 11 and 16 (key stage 2 to key stage 4) By ethnicity and gender Summary

This data shows that:

• overall, girls made more progress between ages 11 and 16 than boys, with an average Progress 8 score of 0.11, compared with -0.17 for boys

• within all ethnic groups, girls made more progress than boys, with higher average Progress 8 scores

• Chinese girls achieved the highest average Progress 8 score (0.80) and Traveller of Irish Heritage boys the lowest average score (-1.32)

• the largest gap in progress between girls and boys was found among pupils from the Other Black background, where girls scored an average of 0.42 points more; the smallest gap was found among Gypsy/Roma pupils, where girls scored an average of 0.12 points more

6. By ethnicity, gender and eligibility for free school meals

• Location: England
• Time period: 2015/16
• Source: Revised GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2015 to 2016

Average Progress 8 score by ethnicity, gender and eligibility for free school meals (FSM)

	Non-FSM Boys		Non-FSM Girls		FSM Boys		FSM Girls
Ethnicity	Non-FSM Boys Score	Non-FSM Boys Pupils	Non-FSM Girls Score	Non-FSM Girls Pupils	FSM Boys Score	FSM Boys Pupils	FSM Girls Score	FSM Girls Pupils
All	-0.10	225,292	0.18	217,702	-0.61	35,212	-0.30	33,878
Asian	0.22	19,520	0.50	18,480	-0.06	4,375	0.28	4,019
Bangladeshi	0.21	2,745	0.52	2,701	0.12	1,209	0.39	1,145
Indian	0.37	6,003	0.61	5,566	0.10	519	0.40	476
Pakistani	0.03	7,564	0.34	7,219	-0.22	2,238	0.16	2,011
Asian other	0.38	3,208	0.65	2,994	0.12	409	0.46	387
Black	0.04	9,101	0.38	9,352	-0.17	2,955	0.25	2,857
Black African	0.20	5,506	0.53	5,619	0.06	1,801	0.45	1,732
Black Caribbean	-0.28	2,550	0.10	2,642	-0.57	803	-0.12	813
Black other	-0.03	1,045	0.34	1,091	-0.40	351	0.15	312
Chinese	0.57	755	0.80	733	0.47	61	0.82	57
Mixed	-0.09	8,732	0.20	8,559	-0.59	2,013	-0.29	2,007
Mixed White/Asian	0.06	2,022	0.29	2,003	-0.50	345	-0.21	347
Mixed White/Black African	-0.04	974	0.26	966	-0.50	258	0.02	225
Mixed White/Black Caribbean	-0.34	2,738	0.01	2,687	-0.77	801	-0.43	792
Mixed other	0.01	2,998	0.28	2,903	-0.44	609	-0.26	643
White	-0.15	182,716	0.13	176,333	-0.80	24,497	-0.49	23,725
White British	-0.17	174,099	0.10	167,780	-0.83	23,174	-0.52	22,457
White Irish	-0.01	705	0.30	741	-0.56	95	-0.52	88
White Irish Traveller	-1.21	24	-0.59	23	-1.40	37	-1.26	30
White Gypsy/Roma	-0.62	206	-0.60	233	-0.97	119	-0.69	131
White other	0.32	7,682	0.62	7,556	-0.09	1,072	0.25	1,019
Other	0.41	2,400	0.66	2,279	0.19	845	0.43	783
Unknown	-0.35	2,068	-0.13	1,966	-0.81	466	-0.54	430

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Summary of Pupil progress (‘Progress 8’) between ages 11 and 16 (key stage 2 to key stage 4) By ethnicity, gender and eligibility for free school meals Summary

Eligibility for free school meals (FSM) is used as an indicator of deprivation by the Department for Education. For more about who qualifies for FSM, see the Methodology section.

This data shows that:

• overall, FSM-eligible girls made more progress than FSM-eligible boys between ages 11 and 16, with an average Progress 8 score of -0.30, compared with -0.61 for boys

• within all ethnic groups, FSM-eligible girls also made more progress than FSM-eligible boys, with higher average scores

• of FSM-eligible pupils, Chinese girls made the most progress, with an average Progress 8 score of 0.82, and Traveller of Irish Heritage boys made the least progress, scoring -1.40

• the largest gap in progress between FSM-eligible girls and FSM-eligible boys was found in the Other Black group, where girls scored an average of 0.55 points more; the smallest gap was found in the Irish group, where girls scored an average of 0.04 points more

7. By ethnicity, gender and area

• Location: England
• Time period: 2015/16
• Source: Revised GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2015 to 2016

Average Progress 8 score by ethnicity, gender and area

	All pupils			Asian			Chinese			Black			Mixed			White
Local Authority	All pupils All	All pupils Boys	All pupils Girls	Asian All	Asian Boys	Asian Girls	Chinese All	Chinese Boys	Chinese Girls	Black All	Black Boys	Black Girls	Mixed All	Mixed Boys	Mixed Girls	White All	White Boys	White Girls
All - England	-0.03	-0.17	0.11	0.31	0.17	0.46	0.68	0.56	0.80	0.17	-0.01	0.35	-0.04	-0.19	0.10	-0.09	-0.22	0.05
Barking and Dagenham	0.15	-0.02	0.32	0.54	0.39	0.70	0.18			0.36	0.16	0.57	-0.10	-0.33	0.12	-0.06	-0.21	0.10
Barnet	0.33	0.22	0.44	0.58	0.54	0.63	0.66	0.41	0.89	0.20	0.04	0.37	0.31	0.11	0.49	0.27	0.15	0.39
Barnsley	-0.22	-0.34	-0.09	0.90			N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	0.64	0.93	0.41	-0.20	-0.19	-0.21	-0.22	-0.36	-0.09
Bath and North East Somerset	-0.02	-0.09	0.05	0.30	0.19	0.43	1.08			-0.08	0.35	-0.51	-0.36	-0.65	-0.04	-0.01	-0.07	0.04
Bedford	0.14	0.00	0.28	0.43	0.34	0.54	1.47			0.40	0.22	0.58	-0.04	-0.30	0.19	0.07	-0.07	0.21
Bexley	-0.04	-0.16	0.08	0.31	0.13	0.50	0.38	0.22	0.58	0.35	0.22	0.49	-0.12	-0.22	0.00	-0.17	-0.28	-0.06
Birmingham	0.00	-0.15	0.16	0.03	-0.11	0.18	0.81	0.78	0.83	0.14	-0.14	0.41	-0.05	-0.19	0.09	-0.11	-0.26	0.05
Blackburn with Darwen	0.11	-0.08	0.30	0.47	0.25	0.71			N/A*	-0.17	-0.61	1.13	0.11	-0.17	0.39	-0.18	-0.34	-0.02
Blackpool	-0.38	-0.46	-0.29	0.80			1.31	N/A*	1.31	0.01	0.22	-0.15	0.12	-0.27	0.50	-0.40	-0.48	-0.33
Bolton	-0.20	-0.36	-0.03	0.27	0.07	0.52	0.92			0.29	0.17	0.39	-0.25	-0.39	-0.09	-0.35	-0.49	-0.18
Bournemouth	-0.01	-0.17	0.16	1.16	1.00	1.44	0.82			0.36	-0.05	0.68	0.12	0.18	0.07	-0.06	-0.24	0.12
Bracknell Forest	0.09	-0.01	0.20	0.78	0.85	0.70	0.88			0.06	-0.15	0.27	0.21	0.28	0.11	0.05	-0.07	0.18
Bradford	-0.15	-0.33	0.03	-0.02	-0.22	0.19		N/A*		0.36	-0.12	0.69	-0.35	-0.54	-0.18	-0.26	-0.41	-0.11
Brent	0.31	0.15	0.46	0.52	0.44	0.60	0.70			0.02	-0.22	0.23	-0.11	-0.22	0.01	0.28	0.11	0.46
Brighton and Hove	0.02	-0.09	0.15	0.44	0.25	0.73				0.36	0.21	0.56	0.18	0.03	0.37	-0.02	-0.14	0.10
Bristol, City of	-0.19	-0.34	-0.04	0.33	0.23	0.44	0.60	0.39	1.31	0.01	-0.09	0.09	-0.30	-0.41	-0.18	-0.26	-0.43	-0.09
Bromley	0.10	0.04	0.15	0.65	0.65	0.66	0.47	0.28	0.74	0.26	0.39	0.16	0.19	0.08	0.29	0.12	0.03	0.21
Buckinghamshire	0.01	-0.14	0.17	0.12	-0.02	0.29	0.26	0.36	0.16	0.07	-0.04	0.18	-0.13	-0.29	0.02	0.00	-0.17	0.16
Bury	-0.06	-0.21	0.11	0.32	0.13	0.50	0.07			0.32	0.00	0.74	-0.09	-0.13	-0.05	-0.12	-0.27	0.05
Calderdale	-0.03	-0.14	0.08	0.16	0.13	0.19	0.43			0.52	0.50	0.57	-0.05	-0.13	0.01	-0.07	-0.19	0.06
Cambridgeshire	0.11	-0.04	0.26	0.56	0.48	0.65	1.13	0.92	1.42	0.43	0.20	0.71	0.17	0.04	0.32	0.08	-0.08	0.24
Camden	0.00	-0.30	0.23	0.11	-0.12	0.34	0.81			0.07	-0.27	0.28	-0.31	-0.55	-0.13	-0.10	-0.45	0.14
Central Bedfordshire	-0.07	-0.21	0.07	0.27	0.28	0.25	0.74	0.13	1.22	0.33	-0.15	0.90	-0.07	-0.27	0.14	-0.08	-0.22	0.05
Cheshire East	-0.15	-0.28	-0.02	0.32	-0.17	0.60	0.33			-0.22	-0.18	-0.30	-0.31	-0.43	-0.17	-0.15	-0.28	-0.02
Cheshire West and Chester	0.04	-0.15	0.23	0.66	0.48	0.88	0.43	-0.38	0.91	-0.02	-0.10	0.11	0.18	-0.01	0.36	0.03	-0.15	0.22
City of London	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*
Cornwall	0.03	-0.08	0.14	0.67	0.68	0.65			N/A*	-0.14	-0.32	0.10	0.09	0.25	-0.05	0.03	-0.10	0.15
County Durham	-0.13	-0.24	-0.01	0.74	0.62	0.88	0.59			-0.29	-0.45	-0.13	-0.03	-0.87	0.34	-0.12	-0.24	0.00
Coventry	-0.05	-0.19	0.10	0.47	0.31	0.64	0.43	-0.31	0.87	0.35	0.06	0.59	-0.24	-0.41	-0.05	-0.22	-0.33	-0.09
Croydon	0.08	-0.07	0.22	0.47	0.45	0.50	0.45	0.33	0.51	0.10	-0.06	0.28	-0.08	-0.18	0.00	0.01	-0.23	0.21
Cumbria	-0.23	-0.39	-0.05	0.51	0.34	0.70	0.11	-0.01	0.18	-0.48	-0.80	-0.05	0.11	0.19	0.05	-0.23	-0.40	-0.06
Darlington	-0.39	-0.56	-0.20	-0.08	-0.64	0.22		N/A*				N/A*	-0.35			-0.39	-0.54	-0.23
Derby	-0.17	-0.34	0.00	0.02	-0.23	0.24	0.97			-0.13	-0.34	0.03	-0.31	-0.39	-0.24	-0.22	-0.37	-0.06
Derbyshire	-0.27	-0.41	-0.13	-0.04	-0.25	0.24	0.07	0.02	0.20	0.13			-0.29	-0.45	-0.14	-0.27	-0.41	-0.13
Devon	-0.02	-0.15	0.12	0.56	0.22	0.97	0.98	0.55	1.29	0.82	0.50	1.14	0.06	-0.06	0.21	-0.03	-0.16	0.11
Doncaster	-0.21	-0.35	-0.07	0.25	0.27	0.24	0.43	0.10	0.57	-0.13	-0.22	-0.04	-0.04	-0.27	0.17	-0.24	-0.37	-0.09
Dorset	-0.04	-0.15	0.06	0.43	0.24	0.64	0.85			0.83			-0.07	-0.02	-0.15	-0.06	-0.16	0.05
Dudley	-0.22	-0.37	-0.06	0.10	-0.15	0.38	0.13			0.04	-0.15	0.21	-0.36	-0.40	-0.31	-0.26	-0.40	-0.10
Ealing	0.28	0.13	0.44	0.42	0.37	0.47	0.71	N/A*	0.71	0.17	-0.06	0.36	0.11	-0.14	0.31	0.17	-0.01	0.37
East Riding of Yorkshire	0.10	-0.03	0.23	0.19					N/A*				0.09	-0.09	0.33	0.09	-0.03	0.22
East Sussex	0.04	-0.10	0.19	0.90	0.70	1.19	0.77			0.68	-0.26	1.21	0.11	-0.06	0.29	0.04	-0.09	0.16
Enfield	0.05	-0.12	0.23	0.30	0.11	0.51	0.52	0.30	0.71	0.10	-0.11	0.31	-0.13	-0.34	0.13	0.02	-0.13	0.18
Essex	0.00	-0.12	0.12	0.49	0.44	0.55	0.57	0.53	0.61	0.40	0.24	0.53	0.05	-0.06	0.16	-0.02	-0.14	0.10
Gateshead	-0.15	-0.20	-0.09	0.85	0.76	0.99				1.24	0.46	1.80	0.27	0.44	0.08	-0.19	-0.24	-0.13
Gloucestershire	-0.05	-0.17	0.09	0.49	0.31	0.72	0.93	0.60	1.06	-0.29	-0.57	0.05	-0.25	-0.55	0.05	-0.05	-0.17	0.08
Greenwich	-0.01	-0.10	0.08	0.66	0.55	0.77	0.36	0.13	0.66	0.21	0.09	0.33	-0.11	-0.22	-0.02	-0.23	-0.33	-0.13
Hackney	0.35	0.23	0.45	0.45	0.37	0.52	0.81	0.51	1.25	0.25	0.12	0.36	0.27	0.19	0.32	0.39	0.24	0.50
Halton	-0.19	-0.30	-0.07			N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*				-0.01	-0.10	0.10	-0.19	-0.31	-0.08
Hammersmith and Fulham	0.12	-0.02	0.26	0.23	0.18	0.31	0.76	N/A*	0.76	0.01	-0.11	0.12	-0.03	-0.27	0.26	0.15	0.05	0.24
Hampshire	-0.03	-0.18	0.13	0.55	0.38	0.75	0.64	0.57	0.83	0.27	0.15	0.41	-0.09	-0.34	0.20	-0.05	-0.20	0.11
Haringey	0.28	0.18	0.37	0.39	0.37	0.41	0.82			0.13	-0.07	0.33	0.18	0.09	0.26	0.35	0.30	0.40
Harrow	0.32	0.11	0.52	0.46	0.28	0.67	0.28	-0.85	1.19	0.24	0.03	0.42	0.10	-0.14	0.30	0.19	-0.03	0.40
Hartlepool	-0.33	-0.49	-0.18	0.30	0.00	0.61			N/A*				-0.12			-0.34	-0.51	-0.19
Havering	-0.14	-0.28	0.00	0.40	0.26	0.52	0.29	0.18	0.56	0.13	-0.19	0.46	-0.14	-0.23	-0.05	-0.21	-0.32	-0.10
Herefordshire, County of	-0.03	-0.22	0.19	0.77			1.60			-0.15			0.91	0.51	1.48	-0.05	-0.23	0.17
Hertfordshire	0.06	-0.09	0.22	0.44	0.27	0.62	0.74	0.82	0.65	0.28	0.12	0.42	0.02	-0.14	0.19	0.02	-0.13	0.18
Hillingdon	0.06	-0.05	0.19	0.43	0.28	0.60	0.73	1.17	0.47	0.17	-0.05	0.44	0.10	0.02	0.18	-0.23	-0.30	-0.15
Hounslow	0.29	0.15	0.43	0.62	0.53	0.72	0.91			0.30	0.08	0.58	0.31	0.20	0.40	0.18	0.11	0.25
Isle of Wight	-0.33	-0.51	-0.14	-0.06	-0.48	0.57			N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	-0.31	-0.46	-0.02	-0.33	-0.52	-0.14
Isles of Scilly	0.00	0.13	-0.13	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	-0.05	0.13	-0.22
Islington	0.19	0.12	0.28	0.51	0.44	0.58			N/A*	0.22	0.19	0.25	0.04	-0.03	0.16	0.03	-0.06	0.15
Kensington and Chelsea	0.34	0.29	0.41	0.49	0.53	0.47		N/A*		0.32	0.19	0.50	0.26	0.25	0.28	0.31	0.23	0.46
Kent	-0.04	-0.18	0.10	0.61	0.56	0.67	0.77	0.72	0.83	0.41	0.27	0.55	0.11	0.02	0.20	-0.08	-0.23	0.07
Kingston upon Hull, City of	0.03	-0.02	0.08	0.43	0.49	0.35		N/A*		0.52	0.89	0.27	0.31	0.24	0.46	0.05	0.00	0.10
Kingston upon Thames	0.34	0.26	0.41	0.58	0.54	0.62	0.62	0.82	0.49	0.23	0.00	0.53	0.37	0.24	0.45	0.23	0.15	0.30
Kirklees	-0.11	-0.29	0.07	0.12	-0.05	0.29	0.77			0.01	-0.28	0.32	-0.28	-0.50	-0.03	-0.19	-0.36	-0.01
Knowsley	-0.89	-1.05	-0.70					N/A*					-0.44	-0.18	-0.76	-0.91	-1.08	-0.71
Lambeth	0.06	-0.09	0.22	0.32	0.27	0.38	0.25	0.09	0.40	-0.02	-0.20	0.16	-0.05	-0.14	0.08	0.20	0.05	0.39
Lancashire	-0.11	-0.26	0.05	0.20	-0.05	0.47	0.62	0.83	0.47	0.10	-0.34	0.55	-0.14	-0.31	0.01	-0.14	-0.28	0.01
Leeds	-0.06	-0.21	0.10	0.08	-0.14	0.31	1.27	1.03	1.49	0.27	0.16	0.39	-0.19	-0.36	-0.01	-0.09	-0.23	0.05
Leicester	-0.14	-0.31	0.05	0.19	0.01	0.38		N/A*		0.11	-0.06	0.28	-0.52	-0.64	-0.39	-0.55	-0.72	-0.37
Leicestershire	-0.12	-0.27	0.05	0.64	0.49	0.80	0.47	0.47	0.48	0.20	0.20	0.21	-0.03	-0.17	0.14	-0.19	-0.35	-0.02
Lewisham	-0.14	-0.35	0.10	0.41	0.23	0.60	0.70	0.75	0.68	-0.19	-0.46	0.13	-0.21	-0.32	-0.09	-0.21	-0.34	-0.04
Lincolnshire	-0.11	-0.25	0.04	0.50			0.53	0.53	0.52	0.07	0.19	-0.07	0.20	0.09	0.33	-0.12	-0.27	0.03
Liverpool	-0.35	-0.42	-0.27	0.31	0.21	0.45	0.61	0.51	0.72	0.01	-0.20	0.19	-0.47	-0.63	-0.31	-0.38	-0.46	-0.30
Luton	0.01	-0.09	0.11	0.22	0.21	0.24	-0.02			0.20	-0.09	0.47	-0.25	-0.41	-0.11	-0.23	-0.34	-0.11
Manchester	-0.03	-0.16	0.11	0.44	0.32	0.56	0.94	0.85	1.04	0.24	0.09	0.42	-0.28	-0.33	-0.24	-0.32	-0.46	-0.17
Medway	0.05	-0.04	0.14	0.66	0.63	0.68	0.69	0.47	0.87	0.30	0.28	0.32	0.04	-0.15	0.16	-0.01	-0.09	0.08
Merton	0.27	0.10	0.45	0.54	0.48	0.61	1.45			0.24	-0.05	0.52	0.23	0.22	0.24	0.21	0.01	0.41
Middlesbrough	-0.12	-0.25	0.00	0.80	0.78	0.82	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	0.92	0.69	1.19	0.24	0.00	0.42	-0.22	-0.31	-0.14
Milton Keynes	-0.12	-0.26	0.03	0.23	0.00	0.51	0.50	0.14	1.50	0.37	0.24	0.51	-0.12	-0.25	0.02	-0.23	-0.37	-0.09
Newcastle upon Tyne	-0.07	-0.12	-0.03	0.56	0.52	0.62	0.38	0.37	0.39	0.74	0.32	1.04	0.43	0.21	0.65	-0.19	-0.23	-0.15
Newham	0.23	0.10	0.37	0.40	0.28	0.52	0.59	0.54	0.65	0.16	0.04	0.30	-0.18	-0.42	0.07	-0.07	-0.17	0.06
Norfolk	0.01	-0.10	0.14	0.63	0.38	0.82	0.48	0.24	0.72	0.57	0.38	0.87	0.07	-0.03	0.18	0.00	-0.11	0.12
North East Lincolnshire	-0.06	-0.15	0.03	0.23				N/A*			-0.75		0.13	0.07	0.25	-0.08	-0.18	0.01
North Lincolnshire	0.08	-0.04	0.21	0.53	0.32	0.69	0.76	0.76	N/A*	0.31			0.37	0.17	0.54	0.06	-0.05	0.18
North Somerset	-0.12	-0.26	0.03	0.11	0.07	0.15	0.61			0.28			0.18	0.00	0.36	-0.13	-0.27	0.02
North Tyneside	-0.04	-0.14	0.06	0.27	-0.19	0.48	1.30	1.34	1.27	0.34	0.04	0.84	0.26	0.46	0.09	-0.06	-0.16	0.04
North Yorkshire	0.04	-0.09	0.18	0.43	0.31	0.61	0.96	0.46	1.39	0.49	0.11	0.97	0.18	0.14	0.23	0.03	-0.10	0.16
Northamptonshire	-0.13	-0.29	0.04	0.45	0.31	0.59	0.78	0.95	0.64	0.27	0.16	0.37	-0.05	-0.20	0.09	-0.18	-0.35	-0.01
Northumberland	-0.14	-0.22	-0.05	0.64	0.54	0.77	0.79						0.24	0.46	0.11	-0.16	-0.24	-0.07
Nottingham	-0.35	-0.50	-0.19	0.10	-0.06	0.26		1.36		-0.06	-0.30	0.17	-0.49	-0.60	-0.39	-0.52	-0.67	-0.37
Nottinghamshire	-0.04	-0.17	0.10	0.36	0.26	0.47			0.74	0.08	-0.12	0.22	-0.20	-0.43	0.06	-0.04	-0.17	0.09
Oldham	-0.34	-0.58	-0.09	0.07	-0.16	0.31	1.05			0.16	0.28	0.01	-0.45	-0.50	-0.42	-0.49	-0.73	-0.24
Oxfordshire	0.01	-0.15	0.18	0.32	0.14	0.55	0.91	0.54	1.12	0.37	0.23	0.59	-0.05	-0.09	-0.01	-0.02	-0.19	0.15
Peterborough	-0.03	-0.17	0.12	0.20	0.12	0.28	0.55	0.79	0.41	0.49	0.27	0.80	-0.01	-0.29	0.27	-0.10	-0.27	0.06
Plymouth	-0.14	-0.30	0.03	0.73	0.81	0.65	1.43	1.82	0.90	0.55	0.26	1.09	0.02	-0.42	0.31	-0.16	-0.32	0.01
Poole	0.04	-0.13	0.23	0.87	0.49	1.47			N/A*	0.49			0.25	0.12	0.39	0.01	-0.16	0.20
Portsmouth	-0.17	-0.34	0.02	0.53	0.17	0.78	0.50	0.36	0.69	0.87	0.80	0.96	0.41	0.21	0.57	-0.26	-0.42	-0.08
Reading	-0.11	-0.18	-0.03	0.38	0.45	0.34	0.87	0.94	0.79	0.09	0.06	0.11	-0.49	-0.41	-0.57	-0.25	-0.34	-0.12
Redbridge	0.28	0.11	0.47	0.43	0.28	0.60	0.82	0.62	1.16	0.21	-0.05	0.44	-0.01	-0.39	0.36	0.14	-0.03	0.31
Redcar and Cleveland	-0.30	-0.40	-0.18	0.08	-0.09	0.28		N/A*				N/A*	0.00	-0.26	0.21	-0.31	-0.42	-0.19
Richmond upon Thames	0.10	-0.07	0.24	0.42	0.21	0.62	0.96	0.73	1.30	-0.04	-0.31	0.25	-0.02	-0.33	0.28	0.08	-0.05	0.20
Rochdale	-0.08	-0.22	0.07	0.23	0.02	0.45			N/A*	0.69	0.42	0.95	0.13	0.14	0.12	-0.22	-0.34	-0.10
Rotherham	0.04	-0.06	0.15	0.21	0.07	0.33	0.68	0.94	0.41	0.65	0.61	0.69	-0.19	-0.41	0.09	0.02	-0.08	0.13
Rutland	0.29	0.14	0.46	0.53			N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	0.37			0.02	-0.33	0.23	0.29	0.14	0.47
Salford	-0.30	-0.39	-0.21	0.75	0.70	0.79	0.08			0.47	0.40	0.56	-0.08	-0.12	-0.04	-0.37	-0.48	-0.27
Sandwell	-0.29	-0.39	-0.16	0.20	0.05	0.37	1.11			-0.14	-0.24	-0.03	-0.39	-0.44	-0.31	-0.52	-0.63	-0.40
Sefton	-0.24	-0.39	-0.09	0.48	0.19	0.81	0.11			0.27	0.02	0.56	-0.07	-0.12	-0.02	-0.21	-0.38	-0.03
Sheffield	0.01	-0.14	0.16	0.26	0.08	0.47	0.82	0.20	1.26	0.27	0.16	0.38	-0.12	-0.44	0.19	-0.05	-0.18	0.09
Shropshire	-0.05	-0.19	0.10	0.45			0.85	0.85	0.85	0.16			0.03	-0.11	0.26	-0.05	-0.20	0.09
Slough	0.22	0.07	0.36	0.34	0.21	0.47	0.86			0.28	0.05	0.53	0.09	-0.14	0.36	-0.05	-0.16	0.06
Solihull	-0.09	-0.22	0.05	0.26	0.13	0.42	0.62	0.72	0.47	-0.10	-0.41	0.15	-0.21	-0.24	-0.18	-0.12	-0.25	0.03
Somerset	0.03	-0.11	0.17	0.64	0.51	0.79	0.39			-0.01	-0.38	0.36	0.17	0.09	0.23	0.02	-0.12	0.16
South Gloucestershire	-0.23	-0.31	-0.15	0.36	0.19	0.64	0.61			-0.20	-0.24	-0.12	-0.14	-0.03	-0.29	-0.25	-0.33	-0.16
South Tyneside	-0.16	-0.30	-0.02	0.24	-0.23	0.65	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	-0.18			-0.32	-0.29	-0.39	-0.17	-0.30	-0.05
Southampton	-0.12	-0.25	0.01	0.67	0.56	0.76	0.78	0.78	0.77	0.59	0.61	0.57	-0.09	-0.20	-0.01	-0.23	-0.37	-0.10
Southend-on-Sea	-0.01	-0.06	0.05	0.46	0.44	0.48	0.61	0.50	0.74	0.38	0.31	0.44	-0.12	-0.21	-0.04	-0.07	-0.14	-0.01
Southwark	0.22	0.15	0.30	0.53	0.34	0.67	0.77	0.67	0.94	0.34	0.23	0.43	0.03	-0.03	0.11	-0.01	-0.09	0.06
St. Helens	-0.33	-0.45	-0.20	0.66	0.75	0.60	0.60			-0.08			-0.09	-0.55	0.31	-0.33	-0.46	-0.19
Staffordshire	-0.10	-0.26	0.07	0.26	0.13	0.41	1.27	0.82	1.59	0.20	-0.20	0.41	-0.06	-0.25	0.11	-0.11	-0.27	0.05
Stockport	0.02	-0.11	0.14	0.32	0.10	0.54	0.79	0.53	0.96	0.36	0.19	0.70	0.16	-0.06	0.45	-0.01	-0.14	0.11
Stockton-on-Tees	-0.17	-0.31	0.00	0.34	0.00	0.66					0.47		-0.27	-0.25	-0.30	-0.20	-0.33	-0.05
Stoke-on-Trent	-0.08	-0.20	0.04	0.25	0.11	0.41	0.43			0.10	-0.02	0.23	0.02	-0.09	0.14	-0.15	-0.27	-0.03
Suffolk	0.02	-0.09	0.13	0.70	0.67	0.73	0.67			0.35	0.13	0.51	0.07	-0.11	0.21	0.00	-0.11	0.12
Sunderland	-0.17	-0.27	-0.08	0.48	0.39	0.54	0.98	N/A*	0.98	0.22	-0.37	0.55	0.09	-0.56	0.60	-0.20	-0.28	-0.12
Surrey	0.14	-0.01	0.29	0.57	0.42	0.73	0.76	0.55	1.06	0.32	0.12	0.57	0.20	0.07	0.34	0.10	-0.04	0.25
Sutton	0.17	0.00	0.34	0.62	0.48	0.75	0.64	0.56	0.73	0.27	0.09	0.45	0.15	-0.08	0.39	0.00	-0.15	0.16
Swindon	-0.17	-0.32	-0.02	0.48	0.48	0.47	0.18			0.19	0.08	0.30	-0.09	-0.26	0.08	-0.24	-0.40	-0.08
Tameside	-0.13	-0.22	-0.04	0.42	0.13	0.71	0.62	0.78	0.49	0.64	0.64	0.64	-0.07	-0.43	0.38	-0.22	-0.28	-0.16
Telford and Wrekin	-0.15	-0.29	0.03	0.04	-0.09	0.31	0.45	-0.01	0.90	0.34	0.31	0.36	-0.08	-0.21	0.06	-0.17	-0.32	0.00
Thurrock	-0.01	-0.15	0.12	0.49	0.41	0.56	0.78			0.48	0.44	0.50	0.29	0.15	0.45	-0.11	-0.26	0.04
Torbay	-0.09	-0.19	0.03	0.73	0.67	0.78	0.54			0.40	0.75	0.06	0.27	0.40	0.16	-0.02	-0.13	0.11
Tower Hamlets	0.15	0.04	0.26	0.31	0.21	0.41	0.99	0.99	1.00	0.17	0.08	0.26	-0.45	-0.48	-0.41	-0.43	-0.54	-0.30
Trafford	0.05	-0.07	0.17	0.23	0.10	0.38	0.51	0.36	0.67	0.08	-0.07	0.22	0.05	0.00	0.10	0.01	-0.12	0.13
Wakefield	0.06	-0.09	0.23	0.48	0.08	0.82				0.31	0.34	0.24	0.12	-0.16	0.33	0.04	-0.10	0.20
Walsall	-0.24	-0.39	-0.08	0.13	0.04	0.24				0.12	-0.08	0.37	-0.40	-0.63	-0.13	-0.36	-0.51	-0.19
Waltham Forest	0.23	0.06	0.39	0.44	0.25	0.62	0.95	1.30	0.68	0.07	-0.18	0.27	0.03	-0.07	0.12	0.21	0.07	0.35
Wandsworth	0.15	0.05	0.25	0.49	0.52	0.46	0.54	0.67	0.46	0.02	-0.12	0.18	-0.04	-0.26	0.22	0.10	-0.01	0.20
Warrington	-0.16	-0.29	-0.02	0.35	0.25	0.49	0.52			0.19	0.22	0.17	-0.25	-0.41	-0.02	-0.18	-0.31	-0.03
Warwickshire	0.02	-0.09	0.13	0.48	0.36	0.58	0.59	0.34	0.88	0.24	-0.32	0.66	-0.01	0.01	-0.03	-0.01	-0.11	0.10
West Berkshire	0.07	-0.07	0.21	0.48	0.41	0.59	0.74	0.91	0.34	-0.19	-0.15	-0.23	0.14	0.00	0.24	0.10	-0.04	0.24
West Sussex	0.10	-0.03	0.24	0.52	0.40	0.66	0.58	0.51	0.63	0.21	0.19	0.22	0.15	0.09	0.21	0.08	-0.05	0.22
Westminster	0.32	0.09	0.53	0.45	0.30	0.61	0.72	0.82	0.58	0.10	-0.16	0.45	0.24	0.02	0.44	0.30	0.00	0.49
Wigan	-0.09	-0.25	0.07	0.59	0.38	1.07	0.62			0.15	-0.11	0.28	0.08	-0.22	0.29	-0.10	-0.26	0.06
Wiltshire	0.01	-0.12	0.14	0.63	0.46	0.83	0.97			0.35	0.37	0.34	-0.06	-0.18	0.08	0.00	-0.13	0.13
Windsor and Maidenhead	0.16	0.08	0.25	0.23	0.12	0.35	0.42			-0.10	-0.38	0.43	0.44	0.40	0.47	0.13	0.06	0.19
Wirral	-0.04	-0.21	0.10	0.80	0.70	0.86	0.87	0.91	0.84	0.83			-0.14	-0.31	0.03	-0.06	-0.22	0.08
Wokingham	0.19	-0.01	0.42	0.38	0.22	0.65	0.71	0.94	0.53	0.36	0.01	0.72	-0.12	-0.31	0.15	0.18	-0.03	0.39
Wolverhampton	-0.13	-0.30	0.04	0.34	0.28	0.39		N/A*		0.04	-0.22	0.31	-0.32	-0.48	-0.18	-0.29	-0.48	-0.11
Worcestershire	0.04	-0.11	0.19	0.51	0.19	0.82	0.68			0.27	0.11	0.51	0.05	-0.15	0.30	0.03	-0.12	0.18
York	0.05	-0.08	0.18	1.04			0.74	0.86	0.66	0.69	0.55	0.78	0.42	0.12	0.72	0.03	-0.09	0.15

^* Not applicable Data withheld to protect confidentiality

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Summary of Pupil progress (‘Progress 8’) between ages 11 and 16 (key stage 2 to key stage 4) By ethnicity, gender and area Summary

This data shows that:

• girls had a higher average Progress 8 score than boys in every local authority apart from the Isles of Scilly (however, please be aware that the results quoted for the Isles of Scilly for are based on very small numbers of pupils – 22 in 2015/16 – and are therefore highly variable over time)

• for White pupils, the biggest gap in progress between girls and boys was in Camden in London; for Mixed pupils, in County Durham in the North East; for Asian pupils, on the Isle of Wight in the South East; for Black pupils, in Blackburn with Darwen in the North West; and for Chinese pupils, in Harrow in London

• the local authority where girls made most progress was Westminster in London (they scored an average of 0.53), and the local authority where boys made most progress was Kensington and Chelsea in London (they scored an average of 0.29)

• the local authority where both girls and boys made least progress was Knowsley in the North West (they scored an average of -0.70 and -1.05, respectively)

8. By ethnicity, gender and type of selection

• Location: England
• Time period: 2015/16
• Source: Revised GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2015 to 2016

Average Progress 8 score by ethnicity, basis for school admission and gender

	All pupils			Asian			Black			Chinese			Mixed			White
Admission Basis	All pupils All	All pupils Boys	All pupils Girls	Asian All	Asian Boys	Asian Girls	Black All	Black Boys	Black Girls	Chinese All	Chinese Boys	Chinese Girls	Mixed All	Mixed Boys	Mixed Girls	White All	White Boys	White Girls
All state-funded mainstream schools	0.00	-0.12	0.13	0.34	0.20	0.48	0.21	0.04	0.37	0.70	0.59	0.82	-0.01	-0.14	0.12	-0.06	-0.18	0.07
Non-selective schools in areas of little or no selection	0.00	-0.13	0.13	0.32	0.18	0.47	0.20	0.03	0.37	0.73	0.60	0.86	-0.03	-0.16	0.11	-0.06	-0.19	0.06
Non-selective schools in highly selective areas	-0.09	-0.22	0.04	0.27	0.10	0.47	0.28	0.10	0.46	0.59	0.52	0.68	-0.05	-0.17	0.07	-0.13	-0.26	0.00
Selective schools	0.33	0.26	0.40	0.52	0.47	0.58	0.43	0.43	0.43	0.63	0.57	0.69	0.34	0.27	0.41	0.28	0.19	0.36

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Summary of Pupil progress (‘Progress 8’) between ages 11 and 16 (key stage 2 to key stage 4) By ethnicity, gender and type of selection Summary

This data groups schools by admissions type into the following categories, according to whether they select their pupils by ability:

• selective schools
• non-selective schools in highly selective areas (where 25% or more of state-funded secondary places are in state-funded selective schools)
• non-selective schools in other areas (where there are little or no state-funded secondary places in state-funded selective schools)

The data also gives the results for ‘all state-funded mainstream schools’, a category which includes all selective and non-selective schools.

This data shows that:

• in 2015/16, 448,648 pupils included in Progress 8 were in non-selective schools in areas of little or no selection, 33,040 in non-selective schools in highly selective areas, and 20,516 in selective schools

• girls performed better than boys in all types of school, and within almost all ethnic groups

• Black pupils in selective schools were the exception: here, girls and boys made the same amount of progress between the ages of 11 and 16, with an average Progress 8 score of 0.43

• the group making most progress between 11 and 16 were Chinese girls in non-selective schools in areas of little or no selection, where they scored an average of 0.86

• the group making least progress were White boys in non-selective schools in highly selective areas, where they scored an average of -0.26

• the biggest gap between boys and girls, at 0.37 points, was found among Asian pupils in non-selective schools in highly selective areas

9. By ethnicity and type of school

• Location: England
• Time period: 2015/16
• Source: Revised GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2015 to 2016

Average Progress 8 score by ethnicity and type of school

	All pupils		Asian		Black		Chinese		Mixed		White
Type of School	All pupils Score	All pupils Pupils	Asian Score	Asian Pupils	Black Score	Black Pupils	Chinese Score	Chinese Pupils	Mixed Score	Mixed Pupils	White Score	White Pupils
All state-funded schools	-0.03	512,084	0.31	46,394	0.17	24,265	0.68	1,606	-0.04	21,311	-0.09	407,271
All state-funded mainstream schools	0.00	502,780	0.34	45,767	0.21	23,807	0.70	1,588	-0.01	20,948	-0.06	399,627
Academies and free schools	0.03	319,987	0.37	26,282	0.23	13,781	0.70	1,118	0.04	13,288	-0.03	258,784
Converter academies	0.09	236,148	0.41	19,252	0.24	8,476	0.66	893	0.10	9,620	0.05	193,318
Free schools	-0.02	1,659	0.40	379	0.05	50	0.28	7	0.13	71	-0.20	1,075
Sponsored academies	-0.14	79,406	0.26	6,494	0.24	5,128	0.87	217	-0.09	3,453	-0.24	62,158
Further education colleges with provision for 14- to 16-year-olds	-1.99	576	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*
Local authority maintained mainstream schools	-0.03	181,702	0.29	19,452	0.18	9,990	0.71	469	-0.10	7,619	-0.10	140,448
State-funded special schools	-1.78	9,304	-1.53	627	-1.66	458	-1.46	18	-1.79	363	-1.81	7,644
Studio schools	-0.86	1,029	-0.33	48	-0.66	20			-0.96	44	-0.90	885
University technical colleges	-0.64	1,745	-0.78	109	-0.50	107			-0.44	100	-0.62	1,348

^* Not applicable Data withheld to protect confidentiality

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Summary of Pupil progress (‘Progress 8’) between ages 11 and 16 (key stage 2 to key stage 4) By ethnicity and type of school Summary

For more information about the types of school listed in the table, see What the data measures.

In 2015/16 there were 181,702 pupils included in Progress 8 in local authority-maintained mainstream schools, 319,987 pupils in academies and free schools, 576 in further education colleges with provision for 14 to 16 year-olds, and 9,304 in state-funded special schools.

This data shows that:

• in all state-funded mainstream schools, academies and free schools, and in all state-funded schools (a category that includes both mainstream and special schools), Chinese pupils made the most progress between 11 and 16, and White pupils made the least

• in local authority-maintained mainstream schools, Chinese pupils made the most progress, and White and Mixed ethnicity pupils the least

• overall, pupils made most progress in converter academies; Asian, Black and White pupils also made most progress in converter academies, Chinese pupils made more progress in sponsored academies and Mixed pupils made most progress in free schools

• overall, pupils made least progress in further education colleges; after state-funded special schools, Asian pupils made least progress in university technical colleges, Black, Mixed and White pupils made least progress in studio schools, and Chinese pupils made least progress in free schools

10. By ethnicity, special educational needs and gender

• Location: England
• Time period: 2015/16
• Source: Revised GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2015 to 2016

Average Progress 8 score by ethnicity, type of special educational needs (SEN) and gender

	All			Asian			Chinese			Black			Mixed			White
SEN	All All	All Boys	All Girls	Asian All	Asian Boys	Asian Girls	Chinese All	Chinese Boys	Chinese Girls	Black All	Black Boys	Black Girls	Mixed All	Mixed Boys	Mixed Girls	White All	White Boys	White Girls
All SEN	-0.55	-0.62	-0.42	-0.25	-0.32	-0.13	0.32	0.14	0.62	-0.34	-0.45	-0.14	-0.61	-0.69	-0.47	-0.59	-0.66	-0.47
No identified SEN	0.06	-0.06	0.18	0.38	0.25	0.52	0.70	0.60	0.81	0.27	0.10	0.42	0.06	-0.06	0.18	0.00	-0.12	0.12
SEN Support	-0.38	-0.44	-0.30	-0.04	-0.13	0.09	0.85	0.67	1.09	-0.13	-0.22	0.00	-0.47	-0.53	-0.39	-0.43	-0.48	-0.35
SEN with a statement or EHC plan	-1.03	-1.05	-0.97	-0.86	-0.84	-0.91	-0.58	-0.51	-0.83	-0.96	-1.01	-0.81	-1.04	-1.07	-0.96	-1.05	-1.07	-0.99

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Summary of Pupil progress (‘Progress 8’) between ages 11 and 16 (key stage 2 to key stage 4) By ethnicity, special educational needs and gender Summary

Pupils with special education needs (SEN) have learning difficulties or disabilities that make it harder for them to learn than most students of the same age.

The data categorises pupils as follows (see table):

• all SEN: pupils either receiving SEN support, or with a SEN statement or an education, health and care (EHC) plan
• no identified SEN: pupils with no special needs
• SEN support: pupils who are given extra or different help from that provided as part of the school’s usual curriculum, and whose class teacher and SEN coordinator (SENCO) may receive advice or support from outside specialists
• SEN with a statement or EHC plan: pupils who are given a SEN statement or EHC plan once a formal assessment of their needs has been made

This data shows that:

• in 2015/16, there were 75,017 pupils included in Progress 8 with SEN

• of pupils with SEN, 81% were White, 7% were Asian, 5% were Black, 4% were Mixed and 0.1% were Chinese

• of the 75,017 SEN pupils in total, 55,766 had SEN support and 19,251 had a SEN statement or EHC plan

• of all SEN pupils, Chinese students made the most progress between the ages of 11 and 16, with an average Progress 8 score of 0.32, and Mixed ethnic students made the least progress, with an average score of -0.61

• of pupils with SEN support, Chinese students had the highest average Progress 8 score (0.85) and students with Mixed ethnicity had the lowest (-0.47); of pupils with a SEN statement or EHC plan, Chinese students had the highest average Progress 8 score (-0.58) and White pupils had the lowest (-1.05)

11. By ethnicity, religion of school and gender

• Location: England
• Time period: 2015/16
• Source: Revised GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2015 to 2016

Average Progress 8 score by ethnicity, religion of school and gender

	All pupils			Asian			Black			Chinese			Mixed			White
Religious character	All pupils All	All pupils Boys	All pupils Girls	Asian All	Asian Boys	Asian Girls	Black All	Black Boys	Black Girls	Chinese All	Chinese Boys	Chinese Girls	Mixed All	Mixed Boys	Mixed Girls	White All	White Boys	White Girls
All state-funded mainstream schools	0.00	-0.12	0.13	0.34	0.20	0.48	0.21	0.04	0.37	0.70	0.59	0.82	-0.01	-0.14	0.12	-0.06	-0.18	0.07
Church of England schools	0.02	-0.09	0.14	0.33	0.22	0.48	0.11	-0.08	0.29	0.75	0.56	0.99	-0.06	-0.18	0.06	-0.02	-0.13	0.10
Jewish schools	0.44	0.34	0.53	0.72	0.88	0.55	0.63	0.81	0.41				0.53	0.49	0.56	0.42	0.36	0.47
Muslim schools	0.78	0.61	0.84	0.79	0.63	0.84	0.52	0.09	0.69	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	0.26				N/A*
No religious character	-0.01	-0.13	0.12	0.32	0.18	0.46	0.19	0.03	0.36	0.71	0.60	0.82	-0.03	-0.16	0.11	-0.07	-0.19	0.06
Other Christian faith schools	-0.01	-0.13	0.13	0.42	0.31	0.55	0.15	-0.01	0.36	0.71	0.67	0.75	0.08	-0.03	0.22	-0.09	-0.21	0.05
Roman Catholic schools	0.08	-0.04	0.20	0.46	0.31	0.62	0.31	0.14	0.45	0.61	0.49	0.70	0.08	-0.02	0.18	0.01	-0.11	0.12
Sikh schools	0.34	0.14	0.55

^* Not applicable Data withheld to protect confidentiality

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Summary of Pupil progress (‘Progress 8’) between ages 11 and 16 (key stage 2 to key stage 4) By ethnicity, religion of school and gender Summary

This data divides schools into the following religious categories:

• no religious character
• Church of England schools
• Roman Catholic schools
• other Christian faith schools (including those of mixed denomination or other Christian beliefs, for example Greek Orthodox)
• Jewish schools
• Muslim schools
• Sikh schools

This data shows that:

• 502,780 pupils included in Progress 8 attended state-funded mainstream schools in 2015/16

• 82% of these pupils were in schools with no religious character, 10% in Roman Catholic schools, 6% in Church of England schools, 2% in other Christian faith schools, 0.2% in Jewish schools, 0.1% in Muslim schools, and 0.03% in Sikh schools

• overall, pupils were most likely to make progress in Muslim schools, where their average Progress 8 score was 0.78, and least likely to make progress in schools of no religious character or other Christian faith, where the average score was -0.01

• Chinese girls at Church of England schools had the highest average Progress 8 score (0.99), and White boys in other Christian faith schools the lowest (-0.21)

12. Methodology

The key stage 4 datasets are compiled using information matched together from 3 data sources:

• prior attainment records (key stage 2 results)
• school census records
• qualification entries and results collected from awarding bodies

The census data is provided for all pupils aged 5 and over on 31 August 2016. Any information that still needs to be collected is recorded as ‘not yet obtained’.

If a pupil or parent refused to give information, this is recorded as 'refused'.

These statistics include pupils whose ethnicity was not obtained, who refused to respond, or whose ethnicity could not be determined.

Key stage 4 data received from awarding bodies are combined with pupil characteristics from the school census and prior attainment. Records are matched, using identifiers such as surname, forename, date of birth, UPN, gender and postcode. This successfully matches around 98% of results.

The statistics in this commission cover the data collated for the 2016 secondary school performance tables. The performance tables and the related statistical first release report results based on pupils at the end of key stage 4, who are typically aged 15 at the start of the academic year.

The coverage of the local authority and regional statistics is state-funded mainstream schools in England. This includes city technology colleges and academies but excludes hospital schools, pupil referral units and alternative provision.

Pupils are included in the figures for free school meals (FSM) if their families have claimed eligibility for FSM at the time of the annual spring school census. This FSM definition includes all who were eligible to receive free school meals, not only those who actually received free school meals. Pupils not eligible for free school meals or unclassified pupils are described as ‘Non-FSM’ or ‘All other pupils’.

Parents are able to claim FSM if they receive a qualifying benefit.

FSM is used as an indicator of disadvantage, but when drawing conclusions, it should be remembered that not all eligible parents apply for FSM and families who don’t quite reach the eligibility threshold for FSM may still be suffering deprivation.

Suppression rules and disclosure control

Values of 1 or 2, or a percentage based on 1 or 2 pupils who achieved; or 0, 1 or 2 pupils who did not achieve a particular level are suppressed in circumstances where non-suppression would lead to disclosure of pupils. Some additional figures have been suppressed to prevent the possibility of a suppressed figure being revealed.

This suppression is consistent with DfE’s statistical policy statement on confidentiality (PDF opens in a new window or tab) (PDF). The Code of Practice for Official Statistics requires DfE to take reasonable steps to ensure that their published or disseminated statistics protect confidentiality.

For more information about DfE’s disclosure control procedures for its statistical releases please see DfE’s statistical policy statement on confidentiality (PDF opens in a new window or tab) (PDF).

Rounding

Average Progress 8 scores are given to 2 decimal places.

Quality and methodology information

13. Data sources

Source

Revised GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2015 to 2016

Type of data

Administrative data

Type of statistic

National Statistics

Publisher

Department for Education

Publication frequency

Yearly

Purpose of data source

The main purpose is to measure schools and pupil performance at key stage 4 (GCSE) to monitor and improve standards and inform parental choice.

14. Download the data

Average Progress 8 - Spreadsheet (csv) 173 KB

This file contains data for the academic year 2015/16. This is the data used in the charts, tables and commentary shown on this page. The file contains the following: Measure, Time, Time Type, Ethnicity, Ethnicity Type, Gender, FSM, Admission Basis, Type of School, SEN, Religious character, Value, Denominator, Lower confidence interval, Upper confidence interval.

Average Progress 8 - Local Authorities - Spreadsheet (csv) 444 KB

This file contains data for the academic year 2015/16. This is the data used in the charts, tables and commentary shown on this page. The file contains: Measure, Time, Time Type, Ethnicity, Ethnicity Type, Geography, Geography type, ONS geography code,Gender, FSM, Value,Denominator, Lower confidence interval, Upper confidence interval.

Average Progress 8 v2 - Spreadsheet (csv) 145 KB

This file contains data for the academic year 2016/17. This is the latest data available, but does not reflect the figures shown in the charts, tables and commentary on this page. The file contains: Measure, Time, Time Type, Ethnicity, Ethnicity Type, Gender, FSM, Admission Basis, Type of School, SEN, Religious character, Value, Denominator, Lower confidence interval, Upper confidence interval.

Publication release date: 28 November 2017

Updated: 14 May 2019

full page history

1. 14 May 2019 Some headings have been changed. No data or commentary has been updated.
2. 10 October 2018 Added an extra data file containing the latest data available for the academic year 2016/17. No changes to charts, tables and commentary.
3. 5 March 2018 minor corrections for style
4. 28 November 2017 First published

From: Department for Education

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