NHS workforce
Published
1. Main facts and figures
- as at March 2018, there were over 1.2 million staff employed by the NHS
- overall, of staff whose ethnicity was known, 4 out of 5 NHS staff (80.2%) were White, including White ethnic minorities, (nearly 932,000 staff) and nearly 1 in 5 (19.8%) were from all other ethnic groups (over 230,000 staff)
- staff from the Asian, Chinese, Mixed and Other ethnic groups made up a higher percentage of those in medical roles (working as doctors in hospitals and community health services) than those in non-medical roles
- among the non-medical workforce, staff from the Asian, Black, Mixed and Other ethnic groups made up a lower percentage of those at senior grades (bands 8a to 9) and the ‘very senior manager’ grade than at the support (bands 1 to 4) and middle roles (bands 5 to 7)
- there was a higher percentage of staff from the Black, Chinese, Mixed and Other ethnic groups among junior doctors than among senior doctors
- compared with September 2017, the percentage of staff who were White decreased slightly (from 80.7% to 80.2%) and who were from all other ethnic groups increased slightly (from 19.3% to 19.8%)
Things you need to know
This data includes staff directly employed by the NHS in around 230 trusts and over 200 clinical commissioning groups.
The data doesn’t include:
- staff working in primary care, like dentists in dental practices and GPs
- staff working in NHS support organisations and central bodies like commissioning support units and NHS Digital
- agency staff and contractors
The data is based on a headcount of NHS staff. Some staff could be working part time rather than full time.
As some staff may work in more than one position, the headcounts in these tables will not add up to the overall headcount of the workforce.
Ethnicity isn’t known for 4% of NHS staff. The percentages and total headcounts given here are based only on staff whose ethnicity is known, and may therefore differ from the calculations included in the source publication.
What the data measures
This data measures the number and percentage of NHS staff working in NHS trusts and clinical commissioning groups in England, broken down by ethnicity, pay grade and type of role (medical or non-medical).
The latest figures (for March 2018) are shown in all charts and tables. Figures for September 2017 are shown in the first 2 tables. Download the data to see all figures for both periods.
‘Medical’ staff are doctors working for hospitals and community health services, grouped into 3 tiers:
- senior doctors – consultants, associate specialists and speciality doctors
- junior doctors – specialty registrars, doctors in core training, and foundation doctors years 1 and 2
- other doctors – hospital practitioners and clinical assistants, and doctors whose grade couldn’t be classified
‘Non-medical’ staff include:
- clinical staff – nurses and health visitors, ambulance staff, midwives, and scientific, therapeutic and technical staff
- staff working in managerial, administrative and support roles
Most non-medical roles are on a payscale with bands from 1 to 9 (with band 9 being the most senior). These bands have been grouped as follows:
- support roles (bands 1 to 4) including administrative assistants, receptionists, healthcare support workers and healthcare assistants – these tend to be non-graduate entry roles
- middle-level roles (bands 5 to 7) including registered healthcare professionals (like nurses), project managers, and other administrative and clerical staff
- senior roles (bands 8a to 9) including advanced nurse practitioners, specialist administrative staff, managers, senior managers and heads of services or directorates
There are also:
- staff on the ‘very senior manager’ grade (who are usually graduates)
- other grades including apprentices, and staff not on the main grade structure (who could be in junior or senior roles)
The ethnic categories used in this data
The data was collected using the standardised ethnic categories based on the 2001 Census. It is grouped into the following broad categories to reduce the risk of accidental disclosure:
- Asian/Asian British
- Black/Black British
- Chinese
- Mixed/Multiple ethnicities
- White
- Other
2. By ethnicity
| September 2017 | March 2018 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethnicity | % | Headcount | % | Headcount |
| Asian | 9.3 | 107,531 | 9.6 | 111,465 |
| Black | 5.7 | 65,956 | 5.9 | 68,251 |
| Chinese | 0.5 | 6,303 | 0.6 | 6,412 |
| Mixed | 1.6 | 18,614 | 1.7 | 19,363 |
| White | 80.7 | 928,146 | 80.2 | 931,704 |
| Other | 2.1 | 23,746 | 2.1 | 24,698 |
| Unknown | N/A* | 53,251 | N/A* | 53,780 |
Summary
This data shows that:
- as at March 2018, there were over 1.2 million people employed by NHS trusts and clinical commissioning groups in England
- overall, of staff whose ethnicity was known, White staff made up 80.2% of the NHS workforce, followed by Asian staff (9.6%), Black staff (5.9%), staff from the Other ethnic group (2.1%), staff with Mixed ethnicity (1.7%) and staff from the Chinese ethnic group (0.6%)
- in March 2018, the number of NHS staff was higher in every ethnic group compared with September 2017
- compared with September 2017, the percentage of staff from the Asian, Black, Chinese and Mixed ethnic groups increased slightly (by between 0.1 and 0.3 percentage points), and decreased slightly (by 0.5 percentage points) for the White ethnic group; it was unchanged for the Other ethnic group
3. By ethnicity and type of role
| Medical (Sep 2017) | Non-medical (Sep 2017) | Medical (Mar 2018) | Non-medical (Mar 2018) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethnicity | % | Headcount | % | Headcount | % | Headcount | % | Headcount |
| Asian | 28.5 | 30,398 | 7.4 | 77,133 | 28.9 | 31,030 | 7.6 | 80,435 |
| Black | 4.0 | 4,256 | 5.9 | 61,700 | 4.2 | 4,529 | 6.0 | 63,722 |
| Chinese | 2.5 | 2,684 | 0.3 | 3,619 | 2.5 | 2,726 | 0.3 | 3,686 |
| Mixed | 3.1 | 3,271 | 1.5 | 15,343 | 3.1 | 3,368 | 1.5 | 15,995 |
| White | 57.9 | 61,809 | 83.0 | 866,337 | 57.1 | 61,360 | 82.5 | 870,344 |
| Other | 4.0 | 4,259 | 1.9 | 19,487 | 4.1 | 4,397 | 1.9 | 20,301 |
| Unknown | N/A* | 9,750 | N/A* | 43,501 | N/A* | 9,528 | N/A* | 44,252 |
Summary
This data shows that:
- as at March 2018, around 9 out of 10 people employed by NHS trusts and clinical commissioning groups in England were working in non-medical roles, while around 1 in 10 were in medical roles
- White staff made up a higher percentage of the non-medical workforce (at 82.5%) than they did of the medical workforce (at 57.1%); Black staff also made up a higher percentage of the non-medical workforce (6.0%) than of the medical workforce (4.2%)
- Asian staff made up a higher percentage of the medical workforce (at 28.9%) than they did of the non-medical workforce (at 7.6%)
- staff from the Chinese, Mixed, and Other ethnic groups also made up a higher percentage of medical staff than of non-medical staff
- compared with September 2017, the percentage of medical staff who were from the Asian, Black and Other ethnic groups increased slightly in March 2018 (by between 0.1 and 0.4 percentage points), and decreased slightly (by 0.8 percentage points) for the White ethnic group; it was unchanged for the Chinese and Mixed ethnic groups
- compared with September 2017, the percentage of non-medical staff who were from the Asian and Black ethnic groups increased slightly in March 2018 (by 0.2 and 0.1 percentage points respectively), and decreased slightly (by 0.5 percentage points) for the White ethnic group; it was unchanged for the Chinese, Mixed and Other ethnic groups
4. By ethnicity and broad grade (non-medical staff)
| Asian | Black | Chinese | Mixed | White | Other | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Broad grade | % | Headcount | % | Headcount | % | Headcount | % | Headcount | % | Headcount | % | Headcount |
| All | 7.6 | 80,435 | 6.0 | 63,722 | 0.3 | 3,686 | 1.5 | 15,995 | 82.5 | 870,344 | 1.9 | 20,301 |
| Very Senior Manager | 4.2 | 80 | 1.0 | 19 | 0.2 | 4 | 0.7 | 13 | 93.6 | 1,783 | 0.3 | 6 |
| Senior (Bands 8a-9) | 5.7 | 3,896 | 3.3 | 2,247 | 0.6 | 404 | 1.3 | 876 | 88.2 | 60,108 | 0.9 | 601 |
| Middle (Bands 5-7) | 8.4 | 44,059 | 6.5 | 33,984 | 0.4 | 2,343 | 1.5 | 7,925 | 80.9 | 425,997 | 2.4 | 12,448 |
| Support (Bands 1-4) | 7.1 | 31,258 | 6.0 | 26,667 | 0.2 | 894 | 1.6 | 6,926 | 83.6 | 370,380 | 1.6 | 7,057 |
| Other grade | 7.9 | 1,142 | 5.5 | 805 | 0.3 | 41 | 1.8 | 255 | 83.2 | 12,076 | 1.3 | 189 |
Summary
This data shows that:
- overall, staff from the Asian, Black, Chinese, Mixed and Other ethnic groups combined made up 17.5% of the non-medical workforce, where ethnicity was known
- in comparison, staff from the same ethnic groups made up 6.4% of people in the ‘very senior manager’ grade, and 11.8% of those in senior grades (bands 8a to 9)
- there were lower percentages of staff from the Asian, Black, Mixed and Other ethnic groups at senior (bands 8a to 9) and ‘very senior manager’ grades than at the support (bands 1 to 4) and middle grades (bands 5 to 7)
5. By ethnicity and specific grade (non-medical staff)
| Asian | Black | Chinese | Mixed | White | Other | Ethnic minority (exc. White minorities) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade | % | Headcount | % | Headcount | % | Headcount | % | Headcount | % | Headcount | % | Headcount | % | Headcount |
| Graduate entry grades | ||||||||||||||
| Very Senior Manager | 4.2 | 80 | 1.0 | 19 | 0.2 | 4 | 0.7 | 13 | 93.6 | 1,783 | 0.3 | 6 | 6.4 | 122 |
| Band 9 | 3.4 | 49 | 1.7 | 25 | 0.2 | 3 | 1.4 | 20 | 92.7 | 1,331 | 0.6 | 8 | 7.3 | 105 |
| Band 8d | 3.6 | 133 | 2.2 | 82 | 0.4 | 15 | 1.0 | 39 | 92.4 | 3,449 | 0.4 | 14 | 7.6 | 283 |
| Band 8c | 4.2 | 333 | 2.4 | 186 | 0.4 | 32 | 1.2 | 92 | 91.2 | 7,159 | 0.6 | 50 | 8.8 | 693 |
| Band 8b | 5.2 | 802 | 3.1 | 485 | 0.6 | 97 | 1.2 | 179 | 89.1 | 13,744 | 0.8 | 118 | 10.9 | 1,681 |
| Band 8a | 6.5 | 2,579 | 3.7 | 1,469 | 0.6 | 257 | 1.4 | 546 | 86.7 | 34,425 | 1.0 | 411 | 13.3 | 5,262 |
| Band 7 | 6.1 | 6,954 | 4.7 | 5,343 | 0.6 | 639 | 1.3 | 1,490 | 85.9 | 98,163 | 1.4 | 1,656 | 14.1 | 16,082 |
| Band 6 | 7.0 | 14,142 | 5.9 | 11,967 | 0.4 | 887 | 1.4 | 2,894 | 83.1 | 167,277 | 2.0 | 4,009 | 16.9 | 33,899 |
| Band 5 | 10.9 | 22,963 | 7.9 | 16,674 | 0.4 | 817 | 1.7 | 3,541 | 76.0 | 160,557 | 3.2 | 6,783 | 24.0 | 50,778 |
| Non-graduate entry grades | ||||||||||||||
| Band 4 | 6.1 | 5,637 | 4.9 | 4,542 | 0.3 | 247 | 1.6 | 1,436 | 86.1 | 79,340 | 1.0 | 966 | 13.9 | 12,828 |
| Band 3 | 6.2 | 8,762 | 6.2 | 8,757 | 0.2 | 269 | 1.5 | 2,148 | 84.6 | 119,682 | 1.3 | 1,882 | 15.4 | 21,818 |
| Band 2 | 7.8 | 13,732 | 6.3 | 11,002 | 0.2 | 312 | 1.6 | 2,799 | 82.2 | 144,646 | 2.0 | 3,485 | 17.8 | 31,330 |
| Band 1 | 9.3 | 3,127 | 7.1 | 2,366 | 0.2 | 66 | 1.6 | 543 | 79.6 | 26,712 | 2.2 | 724 | 20.4 | 6,826 |
| Unspecified | ||||||||||||||
| Other grades | 7.9 | 1,142 | 5.5 | 805 | 0.3 | 41 | 1.8 | 255 | 83.2 | 12,076 | 1.3 | 189 | 16.8 | 2,432 |
Summary
This data shows that:
- as at March 2018, the percentage of NHS non-medical staff that was White increased as grades became more senior – this was found in both non-graduate entry grades (bands 1 to 4) and graduate entry grades (band 5 to very senior manager)
- in the graduate entry grades (band 5 to very senior manager), staff from the Asian, Black, Mixed and Other ethnic groups made up a smaller percentage of senior roles than junior roles – for example, Black staff made up 7.9% of the workforce in band 5, compared with 1.0% of those in ‘very senior manager’ roles
- similarly, among the non-graduate entry grades (bands 1 to 4), staff from the Asian, Black, and Other ethnic groups made up a smaller proportion of senior roles than junior roles – for example, Asian staff made up 6.1% of the workforce in band 4 (the most senior non-graduate entry band), compared with 9.3% in band 1 (the most junior)
6. By ethnicity and grade (medical staff)
| Asian | Black | Chinese | Mixed | White | Other | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade | % | Headcount | % | Headcount | % | Headcount | % | Headcount | % | Headcount | % | Headcount |
| Senior doctors (Career grade) | ||||||||||||
| Consultant (including Directors of Public Health) | 28.1 | 13,108 | 2.9 | 1,346 | 2.0 | 923 | 2.2 | 1,028 | 61.4 | 28,655 | 3.4 | 1,573 |
| Associate Specialist | 41.1 | 874 | 5.1 | 108 | 0.8 | 16 | 3.2 | 69 | 40.8 | 869 | 9.0 | 192 |
| Specialty Doctor | 44.1 | 3,177 | 5.4 | 388 | 0.9 | 63 | 3.1 | 224 | 39.3 | 2,830 | 7.3 | 527 |
| Staff Grade | 35.4 | 127 | 8.1 | 29 | 3.3 | 12 | 4.2 | 15 | 42.9 | 154 | 6.1 | 22 |
| Junior doctors (Training and equivalent) | ||||||||||||
| Specialty Registrar | 28.8 | 7,992 | 5.7 | 1,567 | 3.4 | 954 | 3.9 | 1,088 | 53.7 | 14,865 | 4.5 | 1,241 |
| Core Training | 28.0 | 2,616 | 6.1 | 568 | 3.4 | 321 | 4.3 | 403 | 53.7 | 5,019 | 4.5 | 418 |
| Foundation Doctor Year 2 | 24.6 | 1,420 | 4.5 | 257 | 3.1 | 179 | 4.1 | 239 | 60.1 | 3,465 | 3.6 | 205 |
| Foundation Doctor Year 1 | 21.2 | 1,174 | 3.9 | 213 | 4.2 | 231 | 4.4 | 244 | 63.4 | 3,505 | 3.0 | 164 |
| Other doctors | ||||||||||||
| Hospital Practitioner / Clinical Assistant | 17.6 | 269 | 1.6 | 25 | 0.5 | 8 | 1.5 | 23 | 77.1 | 1,181 | 1.7 | 26 |
| Other and Local Hospital and Community Health Services Doctor Grades | 22.7 | 273 | 2.3 | 28 | 1.6 | 19 | 2.9 | 35 | 68.0 | 817 | 2.4 | 29 |
Summary
This data shows that:
- among medical staff, senior doctors were more likely to be White or Asian (at 57.7% and 30.7% respectively) than were junior doctors (at 55.5% and 27.3% respectively)
- a higher percentage of junior doctors were from the Black, Chinese, Mixed or Other ethnic groups compared with senior doctors
- White doctors made up a higher percentage of consultants (the highest senior grade), at 61.4%, than they did the other senior grades
- doctors from the Black, Chinese and Mixed ethnic groups made up a higher percentage of doctors at staff grade (the most junior of the senior grades) than they did at the other senior grades
- Asian doctors and those from the Other ethnic group made up a higher percentage of doctors at specialty registrar grade (the most senior of the junior grades) than at any other of the junior grades
- over three-quarters (77.1%) of hospital practitioner or clinical assistant roles were filled by White employees – the highest percentage of White staff in any specific medical grade
7. Methodology
Data provided here is based on administrative data collected from NHS trusts and clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) for March 2018.
The majority of trusts and CCGs use the Electronic Staff Record (ESR), the NHS’s main human resources and payroll system. Since 2008, the system has contained staff records for over 99% of staff employed directly by the NHS in England.
NHS foundation trusts are not required to use the ESR. Two of these do not, and instead submit their ethnicity data every 3 months directly to NHS Digital through the workforce Minimum Data Set collection.
NHS staff report their own ethnicity.
Rounding
Percentages are rounded to 1 decimal place.
Quality and methodology information
8. Data sources
Source
Type of data
Administrative data
Type of statistic
Official statistics
Publisher
NHS Digital
Publication frequency
Twice a year
Purpose of data source
The data is extracted from NHS human resource and payroll systems. The purpose of collecting ethnicity data through these systems is to monitor equality and diversity across the NHS workforce.
9. Download the data
This file contains the following: ethnicity, time, type of role, entry level, broad grade, specific grade, headcount (numerator), denominator, value
The Asian ethnic group in this file includes those who are Chinese to enable comparison with other datasets that use the ONS 2011 5+1 classification (note this is different to the ethnic categorisation used in the figures shown in the charts, tables and commentary on this page). This file contains the following: ethnicity, time, type of role, entry level, broad grade, specific grade, headcount (numerator), denominator, value