Pupil progress between 11 and 16 years old (‘Progress 8’)

Published 21 October 2019

Last updated 22 November 2019 - see all updates

This page corrects mistakes in a previous version. See details.

Contents

1. Main facts and figures

• pupils from the Chinese ethnic group had the highest ‘Progress 8’ score (which measures progress between 11 and 16 years old) in 2017/18
• pupils from the Asian, Black, Chinese and Other ethnic groups made higher than average progress between 11 and 16 years old
• pupils from the White and Mixed ethnic groups made lower than average progress
• in every ethnic group, girls made more progress than boys between 11 and 16 years old
• in every ethnic group, pupils eligible for free school meals made less progress than those not eligible
• White boys in non-selective schools in highly selective areas were less likely to make progress than any other group in any other type of school

Things you need to know

In 2017/18, 494,835 pupils were included in the ‘Progress 8’ statistics, which measure pupils’ progress between 11 and 16 years old.

Of these students:

• 77% were White
• 10% were Asian
• 5% were Black
• 5% had Mixed ethnicity
• 0.3% were from the Chinese ethnic group
• 1% were from the Other ethnic group

Some of the statistics quoted here are based on very small numbers of pupils and can change a lot from year to year. For example, only 97 pupils in the Chinese ethnic group were eligible for free school meals in 2017/18.

Because the results for Chinese pupils are based on a very small number, the average score for this group can be heavily influenced by one pupil either performing exceptionally, or getting a very low score.

The data shows that Traveller of Irish Heritage pupils had a low average Progress 8 score (-1.16). However, this is based 100 pupils in Progress 8 in 2017/18. This was a much smaller number than for other ethnic groups. Therefore, it isn’t possible to make reliable generalisations about Traveller of Irish Heritage pupils or compare them with other ethnic groups.

The ethnicity of 1.3% of pupils (6,217) is not known. This includes pupils whose ethnicity was not surveyed, pupils who refused to be surveyed, and pupils whose ethnicity could not be determined.

Progress 8 only includes qualifications which count towards the secondary performance tables.

Schools that offer unapproved qualifications, such as unregulated international GCSEs, will not have these qualifications counted in the performance tables. Achievements in these qualifications by pupils at such schools are not reflected in this data.

This data therefore represents the performance of schools and pupils in qualifications which count in the performance tables, rather than all qualifications taken by pupils. The difference between the figures for all schools and state-funded mainstream schools is mostly due to the impact of the unregulated international GCSEs taken in independent schools.

Data for faith schools is only provided for pupils in state-funded mainstream schools.

Schools can ask for a pupil to be removed from their performance results if the pupil:

• arrived recently from overseas and their first language isn’t English
• was admitted following a permanent exclusion from another school
• was not at the end of key stage 4
• left England to live abroad
• died

Pupils removed from a school’s performance results may still be included in national figures.

Some information about local authorities may be different to last year due to changes in suppression rules. (Suppression is where some data is excluded, for example if the size of the ethnic group population is small enough that an individual’s identity could be revealed.)

If no pupils were included in Progress 8 for certain breakdowns then no line has been included in the underlying data files, for example Chinese pupils in the South East.

Local authority data doesn’t include figures for pupils in the ‘Other’ ethnic group. Instead, these pupils are included in the ‘All’ category, which also includes pupils for whom ethnicity wasn’t known.

Local authorities that have not reported any data do not appear in the accompanying data files.

What the data measures

This data measures how much progress students make between 11 and 16 years old. The data covers the academic year from September 2017 to July 2018.

Each pupil’s progress is worked out by comparing their ‘Attainment 8’ score with the national average score for pupils who started at a similar level to them.

The higher a pupil’s ‘Progress 8’ score, the more progress they have made in comparison with pupils who started at a similar level.

The starting level is calculated using assessments from the end of primary school, when children are usually 11 years old.

Attainment 8 scores are based on results in 8 GCSE-level subjects.

The national average for all schools except special schools is designated as zero.

If a school has a Progress 8 score of 0, it means the average attainment of pupils at this school is in line with the national average for pupils starting at a similar level. A score above 0 means pupils at the school are doing better than average, and a score below 0 means they are doing less well than average.

Special schools have a national average score of less than 0, because their pupils are compared with pupils in mainstream schools.

In 2018, the headline measure for progress was adjusted Progress 8. This limits the impact small numbers of extremely negative progress scores can have on a school’s average. These pupils still have large negative scores (to reflect the pupils have made much less progress than other pupils in the same prior attainment group as them), but the disproportionate effect they have on a school’s score has been reduced. For more detail please see the school accountability guidance.

As the figures in this measure are adjusted it would not be suitable to compare them to the figures for previous years.

For the ‘By ethnicity and type of school’ table, schools are divided into the following 9 categories:

• local authority-maintained mainstream schools
• academies and free schools
• converter academies
• free schools
• further education colleges with provision for 14 to 16-year-olds
• sponsored academies
• state-funded special schools
• studio schools
• university technical colleges

There are also 2 categories which group several school types together:

• all state-funded schools (includes local authority-maintained schools, academies, free schools, city technology colleges and state-funded special schools)
• all state-funded mainstream schools (as above but excludes state-funded special schools)

Find more on types of school on pages 30 and 31 of Revised GCSE and equivalent results in England 2017 to 2018: Quality and methodology information (PDF opens in a new window or tab) (PDF).

The ethnic categories used in this data

This data uses categories from the Department for Education’s school census, which is broadly based on the 2001 national Census, with 3 exceptions:

• Traveller of Irish Heritage and Gypsy/Roma children have been separated into 2 categories
• Sri Lankan is included in the Asian/Asian British group but is not reported separately
• Chinese pupils have been assigned a separate category from Asian

These changes were made after consulting local authorities and lobby groups.

Data is reported for 6 broad and 16 specific ethnic groups. These are:

Asian/Asian British:

• Indian
• Pakistani
• Bangladeshi
• Other Asian background

Black/African/Caribbean/Black British:

• Black African
• Black Caribbean
• Other Black background

Mixed/Multiple ethnic groups:

• White and Black Caribbean
• White and Black African
• White and Asian
• Other Mixed background

White:

• White British
• White Irish
• Traveller of Irish Heritage
• Gypsy/Roma
• Other White

Chinese

Other ethnic group

Some data is shown only for 5 or 6 broad ethnic groups.

The 6 broad groups are:

• Asian/Asian British
• Black/African/Caribbean/Black British
• Chinese
• Mixed/Multiple ethnic groups
• White
• Other ethnic group

The Other ethnic group isn’t included in data analysed by local authority area, basis for school admission, school type, special educational needs, and religion of school because DfE does not publish this data.

2. By ethnicity

• Location: England
• Time period: 2017/18
• Source: Revised GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2016 to 2017

Average Progress 8 score by ethnicity

Ethnicity	Score	Pupils
All	-0.02	494,835
Asian	0.45	50,460
Bangladeshi	0.44	8,759
Indian	0.72	12,817
Pakistani	0.23	21,362
Asian other	0.65	7,522
Black	0.12	25,183
Black African	0.31	15,514
Black Caribbean	-0.30	6,639
Black other	0.08	3,030
Chinese	1.03	1,536
Mixed	-0.02	22,916
Mixed White/Asian	0.22	5,149
Mixed White/Black African	0.01	2,669
Mixed White/Black Caribbean	-0.37	6,935
Mixed other	0.12	8,163
White	-0.10	381,934
White British	-0.14	360,851
White Irish	0.11	1,498
Gypsy/Roma	-0.78	737
Irish Traveller	-1.16	100
White other	0.51	18,748
Other	0.55	6,589
Unknown	-0.40	6,217

Download table data (CSV) Source data (CSV)

Summary of Pupil progress between 11 and 16 years old (‘Progress 8’) By ethnicity Summary

This data shows that:

• out of the 6 broad ethnic groups, Chinese (1.03), Other (0.55), Asian (0.45) and Black (0.12) pupils had better than average Progress 8 scores
• pupils from the White (-0.10) and Mixed (-0.02) ethnic groups made lower than average progress between 11 and 16 years old
• out of the 18 specific ethnic groups, Chinese pupils had the highest average Progress 8 score (1.03)
• pupils with the lowest progress scores were in the Traveller of Irish Heritage (-1.16), White Gypsy/Roma (-0.78), and Mixed White and Black Caribbean (-0.37) ethnic groups

3. By ethnicity and eligibility for free school meals

• Location: England
• Time period: 2017/18
• Source: Revised GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2016 to 2017

Average Progress 8 score by ethnicity and eligibility for free school meals

	Free school meals		No free school meals
Ethnicity	Free school meals Score	Free school meals Pupils	No free school meals Score	No free school meals Pupils
All	-0.53	63,408	0.05	431,427
Asian	0.15	8,110	0.51	42,350
Bangladeshi	0.26	2,185	0.51	6,574
Indian	0.33	920	0.75	11,897
Pakistani	0.02	4,172	0.28	17,190
Asian other	0.31	833	0.69	6,689
Black	-0.09	5,250	0.18	19,933
Black African	0.15	3,148	0.35	12,366
Black Caribbean	-0.56	1,468	-0.22	5,171
Black other	-0.20	634	0.16	2,396
Chinese	0.94	97	1.03	1,439
Mixed	-0.47	4,183	0.08	18,733
Mixed White/Asian	-0.33	665	0.30	4,484
Mixed White/Black African	-0.25	530	0.08	2,139
Mixed White/Black Caribbean	-0.72	1,590	-0.27	5,345
Mixed other	-0.34	1,398	0.22	6,765
White	-0.75	43,231	-0.02	338,703
White British	-0.79	40,829	-0.05	320,022
White Irish	-0.69	172	0.21	1,326
Gypsy/Roma	-1.05	289	-0.61	448
Irish Traveller	-1.37	59	-0.87	41
White other	0.07	1,882	0.56	16,866
Other	0.35	1,578	0.62	5,011
Unknown	-0.73	959	-0.34	5,258

Download table data (CSV) Source data (CSV)

Summary of Pupil progress between 11 and 16 years old (‘Progress 8’) By ethnicity and eligibility for free school meals Summary

Eligibility for free school meals (FSM) is used as an indicator of deprivation by the Department for Education.

This data shows that:

• pupils eligible for free school meals (FSM) made less progress between 11 and 16 years old than those not eligible, with Progress 8 scores of -0.53 and 0.05
• in every ethnic group, pupils eligible for FSM had lower Progress 8 scores than those not eligible
• among FSM-eligible pupils, those from the Chinese ethnic group made the most progress, with an average score of 0.94
• Traveller of Irish Heritage pupils made the least progress, with an average score of -1.37
• the White Irish ethnic group had the biggest gap between the average progress scores of FSM-eligible pupils (-0.69) and those not eligible (0.21)

4. By ethnicity and area

• Location: England
• Time period: 2017/18
• Source: Revised GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2016 to 2017

Average Progress 8 score by ethnicity and area

	All		Asian		Black		Chinese		Mixed		White
Local authority	All Score	All Pupils	Asian Score	Asian Pupils	Black Score	Black Pupils	Chinese Score	Chinese Pupils	Mixed Score	Mixed Pupils	White Score	White Pupils
All - England	-0.02	494,835	0.45	50,460	0.12	25,183	1.03	1,536	-0.02	22,916	-0.10	381,934
Barking and Dagenham	0.17	1,983	0.65	398	0.44	540	1.85	2	-0.11	123	-0.19	857
Barnet	0.57	3,438	0.96	481	0.32	443	1.12	38	0.45	374	0.50	1,749
Barnsley	-0.15	1,983	1.06	8	0.48	14	N/A*	0	0.20	31	-0.17	1,918
Bath and North East Somerset	-0.03	1,996	0.91	21	-0.07	20	0.43	4	-0.07	90	-0.02	1,806
Bedford	0.10	1,734	0.25	260	0.31	76	0.37	1	-0.10	149	0.07	1,219
Bexley	-0.10	2,899	0.57	219	0.31	562	0.55	30	-0.19	186	-0.31	1,858
Birmingham	-0.04	11,185	0.08	4,728	0.00	1,278	1.09	39	-0.24	810	-0.19	3,746
Blackburn with Darwen	0.02	1,756	0.50	802	-0.44	10	0.44	3	-0.10	43	-0.41	886
Blackpool	-0.64	1,106	0.13	21	0.32	5	0.63	3	-0.56	23	-0.67	1,049
Bolton	-0.12	3,065	0.53	632	0.56	99	0.40	5	-0.16	98	-0.34	2,193
Bournemouth	0.14	1,417	1.12	38	0.30	4	1.21	13	0.10	70	0.10	1,252
Bracknell Forest	0.02	986	0.80	52	0.50	17	N/A*	0	0.11	36	-0.04	872
Bradford	0.00	5,630	0.27	2,601	0.24	73	1.12	3	-0.35	236	-0.25	2,600
Brent	0.54	2,422	0.96	737	0.09	632	1.50	3	0.00	162	0.36	387
Brighton and Hove	-0.02	2,045	0.59	51	0.42	49	1.32	10	0.00	176	-0.08	1,700
Bristol, City of	-0.09	2,900	0.42	234	0.06	296	1.08	11	0.01	234	-0.20	2,062
Bromley	0.03	3,004	0.84	140	0.34	267	1.03	28	0.18	247	-0.01	2,183
Buckinghamshire	0.22	5,172	0.46	924	0.34	155	0.78	16	0.10	298	0.16	3,698
Bury	-0.23	2,018	0.41	277	0.01	38	0.19	7	-0.37	94	-0.35	1,568
Calderdale	0.07	2,364	0.39	372	0.58	25	0.31	4	-0.06	68	0.00	1,883
Cambridgeshire	0.13	5,237	0.73	145	0.24	47	0.98	19	0.33	208	0.12	4,680
Camden	0.07	1,424	0.11	268	-0.05	343	1.01	5	-0.13	171	0.10	498
Central Bedfordshire	-0.13	2,510	0.20	50	0.49	48	1.39	6	-0.29	109	-0.16	2,256
Cheshire East	0.01	3,398	0.48	51	0.67	9	1.12	8	-0.13	70	0.00	3,222
Cheshire West and Chester	-0.11	3,152	0.54	23	0.81	10	0.70	9	-0.08	55	-0.13	3,034
City of London	N/A*	0	N/A*	0	N/A*	0	N/A*	0	N/A*	0	N/A*	0
Cornwall	-0.09	4,987	0.70	15	0.67	4	0.91	4	-0.05	78	-0.09	4,825
County Durham	-0.23	4,545	0.58	25	-0.79	6	1.29	6	0.16	46	-0.21	4,390
Coventry	-0.08	3,131	0.54	633	0.13	261	1.67	6	-0.29	180	-0.30	2,010
Croydon	0.07	3,077	0.58	413	-0.08	911	1.18	12	0.00	462	0.03	1,144
Cumbria	-0.11	4,570	0.67	28	0.07	10	1.64	14	0.11	57	-0.11	4,306
Darlington	-0.26	1,050	0.19	27	0.46	5	1.96	2	0.24	28	-0.29	974
Derby	-0.19	2,595	0.33	443	0.02	85	0.68	12	-0.59	169	-0.29	1,841
Derbyshire	-0.23	6,949	0.31	58	-0.32	26	0.54	10	-0.25	164	-0.23	6,650
Devon	-0.13	6,278	0.54	17	0.03	4	0.92	8	-0.08	98	-0.13	5,948
Doncaster	-0.22	2,822	0.35	91	0.16	25	0.87	5	-0.20	66	-0.25	2,613
Dorset	0.03	3,854	1.08	21	0.64	3	1.65	7	0.33	74	0.01	3,714
Dudley	-0.15	3,209	0.19	292	-0.14	70	1.06	3	-0.13	175	-0.20	2,608
Ealing	0.53	2,516	0.89	693	0.24	528	1.82	9	0.14	207	0.44	746
East Riding of Yorkshire	0.06	3,104	0.64	6	0.12	3	0.77	3	0.66	53	0.05	2,995
East Sussex	-0.03	4,486	0.78	73	0.68	18	0.84	12	0.05	168	-0.05	4,141
Enfield	0.08	3,118	0.49	286	0.01	787	1.02	15	0.07	312	0.03	1,452
Essex	-0.09	13,489	0.83	325	0.37	351	0.88	34	0.04	508	-0.14	12,050
Gateshead	-0.25	1,851	0.54	39	0.13	15	0.47	5	-0.03	20	-0.30	1,714
Gloucestershire	0.02	5,613	0.82	159	-0.15	60	0.84	12	-0.01	212	-0.01	5,095
Greenwich	-0.18	2,051	0.22	176	-0.04	655	0.81	15	-0.21	215	-0.37	933
Hackney	0.31	1,908	0.44	250	0.11	714	0.61	9	0.06	161	0.51	647
Halton	-0.26	1,313	-0.21	2	N/A*	0	1.20	1	-0.09	30	-0.27	1,264
Hammersmith and Fulham	0.34	1,174	0.49	102	0.10	293	0.95	9	0.20	115	0.39	517
Hampshire	-0.09	12,069	0.54	278	0.23	98	1.11	25	0.06	307	-0.12	11,217
Haringey	0.16	1,942	0.35	146	-0.19	517	1.02	5	-0.04	217	0.38	879
Harrow	0.45	1,821	0.69	823	0.11	291	0.56	8	0.46	156	0.19	426
Hartlepool	-0.47	1,002	0.50	22	0.47	3	1.16	1	-0.31	15	-0.50	959
Havering	-0.09	2,663	0.64	132	0.37	330	1.45	5	-0.08	137	-0.22	1,977
Herefordshire, County of	-0.03	1,550	0.95	7	0.00	3	1.15	2	-0.09	35	-0.04	1,490
Hertfordshire	0.19	11,772	0.67	862	0.31	457	1.28	51	0.23	752	0.12	9,468
Hillingdon	0.15	2,832	0.73	651	0.22	303	0.54	4	0.18	315	-0.23	1,347
Hounslow	0.43	2,337	0.86	678	0.37	332	0.50	3	0.20	220	0.16	828
Isle of Wight	-0.38	1,039	0.49	4	0.81	1	N/A*	0	-0.61	14	-0.38	1,014
Isles of Scilly	0.85	14	N/A*	0	N/A*	0	N/A*	0	-0.07	1	0.95	12
Islington	0.15	1,328	0.64	175	0.04	388	0.83	9	-0.26	171	0.08	457
Kensington and Chelsea	0.11	657	0.58	40	-0.01	119	0.02	2	0.12	113	0.15	222
Kent	-0.08	14,634	0.70	535	0.45	318	1.24	44	0.15	637	-0.15	12,863
Kingston upon Hull, City of	-0.08	2,206	0.74	34	0.62	23	1.60	2	0.31	46	-0.06	1,972
Kingston upon Thames	0.53	1,373	1.04	333	0.17	65	1.19	11	0.43	121	0.33	783
Kirklees	-0.04	4,359	0.21	1,188	-0.02	71	1.04	12	-0.44	245	-0.12	2,807
Knowsley	-0.82	921	0.11	3	0.10	1	-0.30	1	-1.23	12	-0.82	895
Lambeth	-0.05	1,917	0.55	89	-0.23	952	0.40	15	-0.27	245	0.17	466
Lancashire	-0.09	11,318	0.29	1,257	0.03	32	0.95	33	-0.02	250	-0.14	9,615
Leeds	-0.02	7,187	0.27	899	0.48	344	0.98	29	-0.21	349	-0.01	5,207
Leicester	-0.04	3,043	0.44	1,393	-0.04	320	0.94	7	-0.50	217	-0.63	1,036
Leicestershire	-0.04	6,644	0.76	501	0.34	71	1.86	10	-0.13	242	-0.11	5,768
Lewisham	-0.22	1,952	0.09	119	-0.31	833	0.72	23	-0.24	285	-0.14	551
Lincolnshire	-0.14	6,928	1.03	73	0.72	26	0.75	16	0.20	154	-0.17	6,590
Liverpool	-0.32	4,270	0.74	107	-0.11	159	1.04	38	-0.22	213	-0.39	3,648
Luton	-0.04	2,364	0.32	1,105	-0.17	244	1.21	8	-0.24	177	-0.46	791
Manchester	-0.13	4,136	0.47	879	0.08	630	0.97	38	-0.19	337	-0.52	1,988
Medway	0.02	2,807	0.95	145	0.43	113	1.45	7	0.14	128	-0.07	2,367
Merton	0.44	1,229	0.98	193	0.31	236	1.63	8	0.34	139	0.33	597
Middlesbrough	-0.24	1,285	0.65	167	0.60	14	1.45	2	0.05	41	-0.36	998
Milton Keynes	-0.15	2,604	0.38	221	0.22	321	0.47	9	-0.11	176	-0.30	1,823
Newcastle upon Tyne	-0.14	2,310	0.62	248	0.63	67	1.31	15	0.42	72	-0.30	1,850
Newham	0.32	3,336	0.57	1,563	0.16	810	1.11	8	-0.13	201	-0.02	521
Norfolk	0.00	7,199	0.71	82	0.77	64	1.62	10	0.15	162	-0.03	6,784
North East Lincolnshire	-0.03	1,538	0.47	15	0.79	3	0.29	2	-0.06	20	0.02	1,347
North Lincolnshire	0.11	1,639	0.48	67	1.09	10	1.14	3	0.44	22	0.09	1,497
North Somerset	-0.09	2,027	0.59	28	0.28	15	-0.12	2	0.03	50	-0.11	1,925
North Tyneside	-0.20	1,824	0.39	30	-0.45	9	0.95	4	0.45	26	-0.22	1,738
North Yorkshire	0.13	5,765	0.52	101	0.45	21	0.78	5	0.37	100	0.12	5,479
Northamptonshire	0.00	6,989	0.64	315	0.40	280	1.21	25	0.11	312	-0.06	5,985
Northumberland	-0.09	2,991	0.54	38	1.18	4	0.85	2	0.18	36	-0.09	2,883
Nottingham	-0.27	2,299	0.27	424	-0.09	220	1.52	10	-0.55	224	-0.45	1,371
Nottinghamshire	-0.02	7,316	0.66	196	0.29	79	1.17	20	0.04	264	-0.05	6,671
Oldham	-0.30	2,801	0.07	858	0.26	46	1.50	7	-0.58	97	-0.47	1,727
Oxfordshire	-0.01	5,499	0.17	261	0.27	108	1.24	15	-0.14	300	-0.02	4,687
Peterborough	-0.20	2,119	0.11	333	0.17	67	0.16	5	-0.29	116	-0.28	1,559
Plymouth	-0.32	2,395	1.06	18	1.20	11	0.96	9	-0.51	44	-0.35	2,277
Poole	0.30	1,253	1.02	35	0.08	4	1.86	2	0.46	49	0.27	1,149
Portsmouth	-0.34	1,607	0.79	80	0.26	36	0.17	5	-0.41	57	-0.44	1,394
Reading	-0.04	979	0.65	182	0.07	77	1.02	17	-0.39	85	-0.27	576
Redbridge	0.47	3,194	0.68	1,694	0.27	473	1.22	23	0.24	216	0.17	706
Redcar and Cleveland	-0.45	1,494	0.71	23	0.82	2	0.50	1	-0.06	13	-0.47	1,446
Richmond upon Thames	0.14	1,359	0.64	92	-0.19	54	1.18	5	0.01	134	0.13	1,039
Rochdale	-0.14	2,140	0.26	582	0.13	52	1.04	8	-0.08	63	-0.33	1,405
Rotherham	-0.09	3,070	0.09	260	0.39	22	1.51	7	-0.07	65	-0.12	2,692
Rutland	0.43	448	0.84	2	1.24	4	N/A*	0	0.86	10	0.41	431
Salford	-0.46	1,958	0.64	39	0.32	57	-0.08	4	-0.02	87	-0.56	1,727
Sandwell	-0.31	3,441	0.13	983	-0.21	271	0.99	3	-0.46	235	-0.55	1,855
Sefton	-0.30	2,780	0.22	26	0.16	11	0.83	6	-0.07	55	-0.28	2,611
Sheffield	0.00	4,781	0.35	514	0.16	195	1.18	14	-0.17	280	-0.07	3,588
Shropshire	-0.08	2,701	0.15	26	0.38	5	1.06	7	0.03	52	-0.09	2,569
Slough	0.30	1,583	0.45	846	0.05	127	0.98	6	0.23	128	0.03	404
Solihull	-0.14	2,850	0.23	305	-0.05	84	1.34	6	-0.34	211	-0.18	2,170
Somerset	-0.14	4,436	0.46	32	0.78	6	0.68	9	-0.04	74	-0.15	4,289
South Gloucestershire	-0.18	2,428	0.62	68	0.03	32	-0.19	4	-0.31	96	-0.21	2,203
South Tyneside	-0.26	1,436	0.65	52	0.42	7	1.63	1	-0.06	23	-0.26	1,314
Southampton	-0.22	1,775	0.47	190	0.29	38	1.03	5	-0.23	94	-0.33	1,433
Southend-on-Sea	0.14	1,921	0.93	179	0.61	118	0.75	11	0.22	78	-0.01	1,512
Southwark	0.30	2,191	0.67	128	0.31	990	0.56	25	0.16	246	0.13	604
St. Helens	-0.39	1,716	0.77	12	0.34	4	1.15	3	-0.05	29	-0.38	1,624
Staffordshire	-0.12	8,089	0.30	262	0.41	38	0.68	19	-0.20	220	-0.14	7,498
Stockport	-0.03	2,517	0.59	136	0.22	26	0.81	14	0.04	106	-0.07	2,212
Stockton-on-Tees	-0.08	1,898	0.53	109	1.23	14	1.00	5	0.10	40	-0.14	1,719
Stoke-on-Trent	-0.26	2,070	0.11	330	0.25	48	0.66	4	-0.17	74	-0.37	1,598
Suffolk	0.08	6,520	0.79	112	0.41	38	1.34	4	0.17	247	0.06	6,009
Sunderland	-0.37	2,573	0.82	89	0.34	14	0.57	4	-0.35	30	-0.42	2,423
Surrey	0.17	9,281	0.59	542	0.08	164	0.92	23	0.26	453	0.13	7,960
Sutton	0.39	2,535	1.05	578	0.29	206	1.02	36	0.45	216	0.11	1,444
Swindon	-0.14	1,913	0.47	180	0.11	32	0.62	2	-0.39	88	-0.21	1,562
Tameside	-0.17	2,426	0.50	277	0.15	29	1.34	7	-0.07	80	-0.28	2,017
Telford and Wrekin	-0.13	1,825	0.27	112	0.30	32	1.21	6	-0.10	74	-0.17	1,591
Thurrock	-0.19	1,577	0.29	68	0.46	141	1.10	12	0.13	67	-0.31	1,246
Torbay	-0.07	1,361	1.13	17	1.16	3	1.76	4	0.51	29	-0.09	1,233
Tower Hamlets	0.15	2,534	0.36	1,768	-0.08	288	1.25	4	-0.69	100	-0.55	282
Trafford	0.22	2,645	0.61	338	0.32	89	1.10	29	-0.03	170	0.14	1,956
Wakefield	-0.19	3,295	0.10	116	0.17	36	1.13	8	-0.03	71	-0.21	3,047
Walsall	-0.19	3,119	0.27	677	-0.11	138	1.71	3	-0.32	173	-0.34	2,103
Waltham Forest	0.21	2,297	0.48	713	-0.03	511	2.29	12	0.04	226	0.11	741
Wandsworth	0.30	1,554	0.59	305	-0.01	445	0.69	5	0.31	212	0.39	505
Warrington	-0.14	2,316	0.61	47	-0.46	11	0.97	9	0.12	65	-0.17	2,155
Warwickshire	0.06	5,255	0.71	257	0.65	36	1.00	16	0.04	189	0.02	4,667
West Berkshire	0.11	1,656	0.40	43	0.17	26	1.21	2	-0.23	63	0.15	1,497
West Sussex	0.05	7,227	0.69	298	0.25	88	1.75	16	0.15	263	0.01	6,486
Westminster	0.47	1,386	0.59	210	0.29	342	1.27	13	0.34	126	0.55	327
Wigan	-0.33	3,169	0.42	23	0.10	24	1.44	8	-0.22	50	-0.35	3,044
Wiltshire	0.01	4,422	0.78	47	0.31	32	1.08	11	0.24	113	-0.01	4,070
Windsor and Maidenhead	0.26	1,345	0.38	180	0.25	25	1.06	3	0.37	103	0.24	994
Wirral	0.03	3,111	1.10	51	-0.81	6	1.13	11	0.31	76	0.01	2,935
Wokingham	0.34	1,533	0.64	166	0.37	53	-0.11	9	0.28	87	0.29	1,188
Wolverhampton	-0.05	2,423	0.52	512	-0.07	228	-0.05	2	-0.28	258	-0.22	1,398
Worcestershire	0.06	5,102	0.61	183	0.18	20	1.46	10	0.04	160	0.04	4,692
York	0.11	1,556	0.83	21	0.93	8	1.03	3	0.31	35	0.08	1,479

^* Not applicable

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Summary of Pupil progress between 11 and 16 years old (‘Progress 8’) By ethnicity and area Summary

The summary below only includes figures that are based on high enough pupil numbers to make reliable generalisations.

This data shows that:

• White pupils in Barnet had a progress score of 0.50 while those in Salford had a progress score of -0.56, the highest and lowest scores for White pupils

5. By ethnicity and gender

• Location: England
• Time period: 2017/18
• Source: Revised GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2016 to 2017

Average Progress 8 score by ethnicity and gender

	Boys		Girls
Ethnicity	Boys Score	Boys Pupils	Girls Score	Girls Pupils
All	-0.25	251,693	0.22	243,142
Asian	0.23	25,690	0.68	24,770
Bangladeshi	0.20	4,302	0.67	4,457
Indian	0.52	6,541	0.93	6,276
Pakistani	-0.02	10,860	0.49	10,502
Asian other	0.47	3,987	0.85	3,535
Black	-0.15	12,399	0.39	12,784
Black African	0.04	7,676	0.58	7,838
Black Caribbean	-0.59	3,206	-0.03	3,433
Black other	-0.19	1,517	0.35	1,513
Chinese	0.86	732	1.18	804
Mixed	-0.25	11,535	0.21	11,381
Mixed White/Asian	0.06	2,584	0.38	2,565
Mixed White/Black African	-0.27	1,342	0.30	1,327
Mixed White/Black Caribbean	-0.62	3,466	-0.12	3,469
Mixed other	-0.12	4,143	0.37	4,020
White	-0.33	194,807	0.13	187,127
White British	-0.36	184,192	0.10	176,659
White Irish	-0.07	751	0.29	747
Gypsy/Roma	-1.07	334	-0.54	403
Irish Traveller	-1.45	49	-0.89	51
White other	0.26	9,481	0.76	9,267
Other	0.31	3,310	0.80	3,279
Unknown	-0.60	3,220	-0.19	2,997

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Summary of Pupil progress between 11 and 16 years old (‘Progress 8’) By ethnicity and gender Summary

This data shows that:

• in 2017/18, girls had a higher average Progress 8 score (0.22) than boys (-0.25)
• in every ethnic group, girls made more progress than boys between 11 and 16 years old
• girls in the Chinese ethnic group had the highest average progress score out of all groups (1.18)
• Mixed White and Black African boys had the lowest average progress score of -0.62 (other ethnic groups figures are based on small numbers and so reliable generalisations can’t be made)
• the Mixed White and Black African ethnic group had the biggest gap in the average progress score of girls (0.30) and boys (-0.27)

6. By ethnicity, gender and eligibility for free school meals

• Location: England
• Time period: 2017/18
• Source: Revised GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2016 to 2017

Average Progress 8 score by ethnicity, gender and eligibility for free school meals

	Boys: no free school meals		Girls: no free school meals		Boys: free school meals		Girls: free school meals
Ethnicity	Boys: no free school meals Score	Boys: no free school meals Pupils	Girls: no free school meals Score	Girls: no free school meals Pupils	Boys: free school meals Score	Boys: free school meals Pupils	Girls: free school meals Score	Girls: free school meals Pupils
All	-0.18	219,577	0.29	211,850	-0.78	32,116	-0.28	31,292
Asian	0.29	21,618	0.74	20,732	-0.11	4,072	0.41	4,038
Bangladeshi	0.27	3,244	0.74	3,330	0.02	1,058	0.48	1,127
Indian	0.55	6,099	0.96	5,798	0.07	442	0.58	478
Pakistani	0.04	8,728	0.53	8,462	-0.26	2,132	0.30	2,040
Asian other	0.52	3,547	0.88	3,142	0.08	440	0.56	393
Black	-0.08	9,849	0.44	10,084	-0.41	2,550	0.21	2,700
Black African	0.10	6,153	0.61	6,213	-0.16	1,523	0.44	1,625
Black Caribbean	-0.50	2,500	0.03	2,671	-0.91	706	-0.24	762
Black other	-0.10	1,196	0.41	1,200	-0.52	321	0.12	313
Chinese	0.87	694	1.19	745	0.76	38	1.06	59
Mixed	-0.14	9,432	0.31	9,301	-0.72	2,103	-0.22	2,080
Mixed White/Asian	0.15	2,253	0.45	2,231	-0.58	331	-0.08	334
Mixed White/Black African	-0.23	1,068	0.39	1,071	-0.44	274	-0.04	256
Mixed White/Black Caribbean	-0.52	2,670	-0.02	2,675	-0.97	796	-0.46	794
Mixed other	-0.01	3,441	0.46	3,324	-0.61	702	-0.07	696
White	-0.25	172,701	0.22	166,002	-0.98	22,106	-0.51	21,125
White British	-0.28	163,292	0.18	156,730	-1.02	20,900	-0.55	19,929
White Irish	0.07	667	0.36	659	-1.15	84	-0.25	88
Gypsy/Roma	-0.88	188	-0.41	260	-1.31	146	-0.79	143
Irish Traveller	-1.09	21	-0.63	20	-1.72	28	-1.05	31
White other	0.31	8,533	0.80	8,333	-0.19	948	0.32	934
Other	0.37	2,532	0.87	2,479	0.12	778	0.57	800
Unknown	-0.55	2,751	-0.12	2,507	-0.92	469	-0.55	490

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Summary of Pupil progress between 11 and 16 years old (‘Progress 8’) By ethnicity, gender and eligibility for free school meals Summary

Eligibility for free school meals (FSM) is used as an indicator of deprivation by the Department for Education.

This data shows that:

• among pupils eligible for free school meals, girls had a better average Progress 8 score (-0.28) than boys (-0.78)
• in every ethnic group, FSM-eligible girls made more progress than FSM-eligible boys between 11 and 16 years old
• among FSM-eligible pupils, girls from the Chinese ethnic group had the highest Progress 8 score (1.06), and Traveller of Irish Heritage boys had the lowest (-1.72)
• among FSM-eligible pupils, the biggest gap between boys and girls was in the White Irish group, where girls scored an average of 0.90 points more than boys

7. By ethnicity, gender and area

• Location: England
• Time period: 2017/18
• Source: Revised GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2016 to 2017

Average Progress 8 score by ethnicity, gender and area

	All			Asian			Black			Chinese			Mixed			White
Local authority	All All	All Boys	All Girls	Asian All	Asian Boys	Asian Girls	Black All	Black Boys	Black Girls	Chinese All	Chinese Boys	Chinese Girls	Mixed All	Mixed Boys	Mixed Girls	White All	White Boys	White Girls
All - England	-0.02	-0.25	0.22	0.45	0.23	0.68	0.12	-0.15	0.39	1.03	0.86	1.18	-0.02	-0.25	0.21	-0.10	-0.33	0.13
Barking and Dagenham	0.17	0.00	0.34	0.65	0.39	0.91	0.44	0.18	0.71	1.85	N/A*	1.85	-0.11	-0.29	0.03	-0.19	-0.26	-0.11
Barnet	0.57	0.33	0.83	0.96	0.86	1.07	0.32	-0.03	0.71	1.12	0.67	1.56	0.45	0.18	0.73	0.50	0.25	0.76
Barnsley	-0.15	-0.38	0.09	1.06	0.58	1.54	0.48	0.18	0.89	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	0.20	-0.41	0.77	-0.17	-0.39	0.06
Bath and North East Somerset	-0.03	-0.33	0.27	0.91	0.42	1.35	-0.07	-0.06	-0.09	0.43	0.22	0.64	-0.07	-0.32	0.15	-0.02	-0.34	0.30
Bedford	0.10	-0.09	0.30	0.25	0.10	0.40	0.31	0.39	0.23	0.37	0.37	N/A*	-0.10	-0.34	0.23	0.07	-0.14	0.29
Bexley	-0.10	-0.33	0.12	0.57	0.48	0.67	0.31	-0.11	0.65	0.55	0.13	0.96	-0.19	-0.32	-0.07	-0.31	-0.50	-0.11
Birmingham	-0.04	-0.30	0.24	0.08	-0.16	0.31	0.00	-0.29	0.32	1.09	1.19	0.97	-0.24	-0.54	0.06	-0.19	-0.47	0.10
Blackburn with Darwen	0.02	-0.19	0.24	0.50	0.26	0.76	-0.44	-0.68	-0.19	0.44	N/A*	0.44	-0.10	-0.47	0.26	-0.41	-0.57	-0.24
Blackpool	-0.64	-0.87	-0.37	0.13	-0.28	0.58	0.32	0.15	0.58	0.63	0.81	0.27	-0.56	-0.81	-0.33	-0.67	-0.89	-0.40
Bolton	-0.12	-0.37	0.15	0.53	0.22	0.86	0.56	0.48	0.64	0.40	N/A*	0.40	-0.16	-0.35	0.02	-0.34	-0.58	-0.08
Bournemouth	0.14	-0.10	0.37	1.12	0.70	1.70	0.30	0.45	0.15	1.21	1.29	1.16	0.10	0.16	0.02	0.10	-0.16	0.36
Bracknell Forest	0.02	-0.17	0.22	0.80	0.66	0.95	0.50	0.06	0.73	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	0.11	0.37	-0.19	-0.04	-0.26	0.19
Bradford	0.00	-0.22	0.22	0.27	0.05	0.50	0.24	0.20	0.30	1.12	2.80	0.28	-0.35	-0.48	-0.20	-0.25	-0.47	-0.02
Brent	0.54	0.34	0.75	0.96	0.79	1.16	0.09	-0.21	0.37	1.50	1.50	N/A*	0.00	-0.36	0.41	0.36	0.21	0.53
Brighton and Hove	-0.02	-0.21	0.18	0.59	0.42	0.77	0.42	0.09	0.67	1.32	1.27	1.37	0.00	-0.44	0.43	-0.08	-0.24	0.10
Bristol, City of	-0.09	-0.39	0.18	0.42	0.18	0.66	0.06	-0.21	0.33	1.08	0.97	1.11	0.01	-0.25	0.27	-0.20	-0.51	0.08
Bromley	0.03	-0.24	0.31	0.84	0.70	0.96	0.34	0.21	0.43	1.03	1.05	1.01	0.18	-0.03	0.36	-0.01	-0.29	0.28
Buckinghamshire	0.22	0.02	0.44	0.46	0.28	0.66	0.34	0.00	0.67	0.78	0.95	0.67	0.10	0.07	0.13	0.16	-0.05	0.39
Bury	-0.23	-0.45	0.00	0.41	0.16	0.64	0.01	-0.11	0.24	0.19	0.09	0.32	-0.37	-0.59	-0.13	-0.35	-0.57	-0.12
Calderdale	0.07	-0.21	0.34	0.39	0.06	0.73	0.58	0.34	0.73	0.31	0.52	-0.31	-0.06	-0.13	0.01	0.00	-0.29	0.27
Cambridgeshire	0.13	-0.09	0.37	0.73	0.55	0.89	0.24	0.13	0.33	0.98	0.80	1.14	0.33	-0.01	0.70	0.12	-0.10	0.35
Camden	0.07	-0.37	0.39	0.11	-0.17	0.36	-0.05	-0.59	0.31	1.01	0.05	2.45	-0.13	-0.54	0.13	0.10	-0.37	0.44
Central Bedfordshire	-0.13	-0.38	0.12	0.20	0.07	0.33	0.49	0.21	0.65	1.39	1.82	1.18	-0.29	-0.75	0.12	-0.16	-0.38	0.08
Cheshire East	0.01	-0.23	0.26	0.48	0.19	0.70	0.67	-0.02	1.02	1.12	0.43	1.80	-0.13	-0.29	0.10	0.00	-0.24	0.25
Cheshire West and Chester	-0.11	-0.30	0.09	0.54	0.42	0.78	0.81	0.34	1.13	0.70	0.45	1.01	-0.08	-0.26	0.09	-0.13	-0.31	0.08
City of London	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*
Cornwall	-0.09	-0.33	0.16	0.70	0.86	0.52	0.67	1.45	0.41	0.91	0.40	1.08	-0.05	-0.21	0.14	-0.09	-0.34	0.17
County Durham	-0.23	-0.45	0.01	0.58	0.59	0.54	-0.79	-0.90	-0.59	1.29	1.45	0.97	0.16	0.19	0.14	-0.21	-0.44	0.02
Coventry	-0.08	-0.32	0.17	0.54	0.32	0.77	0.13	-0.20	0.46	1.67	1.56	1.88	-0.29	-0.51	-0.06	-0.30	-0.53	-0.06
Croydon	0.07	-0.15	0.27	0.58	0.41	0.75	-0.08	-0.35	0.18	1.18	0.89	1.46	0.00	-0.21	0.17	0.03	-0.21	0.25
Cumbria	-0.11	-0.30	0.09	0.67	0.17	1.11	0.07	0.32	-0.93	1.64	1.28	2.12	0.11	0.50	-0.23	-0.11	-0.31	0.10
Darlington	-0.26	-0.45	-0.04	0.19	0.31	0.13	0.46	0.59	0.37	1.96	N/A*	1.96	0.24	0.24	0.24	-0.29	-0.48	-0.07
Derby	-0.19	-0.43	0.08	0.33	0.13	0.52	0.02	-0.50	0.49	0.68	0.75	0.53	-0.59	-0.91	-0.07	-0.29	-0.52	-0.05
Derbyshire	-0.23	-0.45	0.00	0.31	-0.03	0.85	-0.32	-0.09	-0.69	0.54	0.07	1.24	-0.25	-0.49	-0.01	-0.23	-0.45	0.00
Devon	-0.13	-0.36	0.12	0.54	0.06	0.73	0.03	-0.79	0.31	0.92	2.12	-0.28	-0.08	-0.14	-0.02	-0.13	-0.36	0.12
Doncaster	-0.22	-0.47	0.05	0.35	0.25	0.47	0.16	0.36	-0.09	0.87	-0.53	1.81	-0.20	-0.67	0.48	-0.25	-0.50	0.02
Dorset	0.03	-0.21	0.29	1.08	0.95	1.29	0.64	0.66	0.58	1.65	1.22	1.83	0.33	0.19	0.62	0.01	-0.22	0.27
Dudley	-0.15	-0.41	0.12	0.19	-0.14	0.51	-0.14	-0.28	0.07	1.06	0.68	1.26	-0.13	-0.31	0.07	-0.20	-0.45	0.07
Ealing	0.53	0.29	0.76	0.89	0.69	1.06	0.24	-0.02	0.48	1.82	1.69	2.82	0.14	-0.24	0.48	0.44	0.20	0.67
East Riding of Yorkshire	0.06	-0.18	0.30	0.64	0.61	0.71	0.12	0.12	N/A*	0.77	0.77	N/A*	0.66	0.65	0.66	0.05	-0.20	0.30
East Sussex	-0.03	-0.30	0.27	0.78	0.57	0.90	0.68	0.65	0.71	0.84	1.40	0.65	0.05	-0.28	0.31	-0.05	-0.32	0.25
Enfield	0.08	-0.21	0.39	0.49	0.12	0.91	0.01	-0.32	0.38	1.02	0.92	1.09	0.07	-0.11	0.27	0.03	-0.25	0.32
Essex	-0.09	-0.32	0.16	0.83	0.75	0.93	0.37	-0.02	0.71	0.88	0.47	1.34	0.04	-0.17	0.24	-0.14	-0.38	0.11
Gateshead	-0.25	-0.47	-0.02	0.54	0.40	0.87	0.13	0.39	-0.16	0.47	0.84	0.38	-0.03	-0.04	-0.02	-0.30	-0.54	-0.05
Gloucestershire	0.02	-0.21	0.25	0.82	0.79	0.87	-0.15	-0.41	0.09	0.84	0.43	1.42	-0.01	-0.40	0.35	-0.01	-0.23	0.23
Greenwich	-0.18	-0.34	-0.02	0.22	0.15	0.30	-0.04	-0.36	0.29	0.81	1.24	0.16	-0.21	-0.39	-0.01	-0.37	-0.44	-0.29
Hackney	0.31	-0.02	0.57	0.44	0.18	0.67	0.11	-0.24	0.36	0.61	0.23	0.91	0.06	-0.07	0.19	0.51	0.08	0.85
Halton	-0.26	-0.50	-0.01	-0.21	-1.58	1.15	N/A*	N/A*	N/A*	1.20	N/A*	1.20	-0.09	-0.41	0.31	-0.27	-0.51	-0.02
Hammersmith and Fulham	0.34	0.06	0.62	0.49	0.22	0.81	0.10	-0.14	0.32	0.95	0.96	0.94	0.20	-0.30	0.62	0.39	0.13	0.67
Hampshire	-0.09	-0.31	0.15	0.54	0.38	0.73	0.23	0.03	0.47	1.11	0.96	1.26	0.06	-0.14	0.26	-0.12	-0.34	0.12
Haringey	0.16	-0.07	0.39	0.35	-0.01	0.67	-0.19	-0.47	0.12	1.02	0.48	1.82	-0.04	-0.39	0.31	0.38	0.25	0.50
Harrow	0.45	0.22	0.67	0.69	0.45	0.92	0.11	-0.35	0.47	0.56	0.38	0.75	0.46	0.29	0.64	0.19	0.07	0.29
Hartlepool	-0.47	-0.84	-0.11	0.50	-0.08	0.98	0.47	N/A*	0.47	1.16	N/A*	1.16	-0.31	-0.90	0.35	-0.50	-0.85	-0.15
Havering	-0.09	-0.23	0.07	0.64	0.67	0.61	0.37	0.23	0.50	1.45	1.41	1.48	-0.08	-0.04	-0.14	-0.22	-0.39	-0.04
Herefordshire, County of	-0.03	-0.26	0.21	0.95	-0.01	1.33	0.00	-0.66	1.32	1.15	1.15	N/A*	-0.09	-0.20	-0.04	-0.04	-0.26	0.20
Hertfordshire	0.19	-0.04	0.43	0.67	0.50	0.88	0.31	0.03	0.59	1.28	0.81	1.59	0.23	0.02	0.46	0.12	-0.11	0.36
Hillingdon	0.15	-0.08	0.38	0.73	0.50	0.93	0.22	0.05	0.37	0.54	0.51	0.61	0.18	0.09	0.29	-0.23	-0.50	0.04
Hounslow	0.43	0.21	0.65	0.86	0.61	1.11	0.37	0.23	0.52	0.50	N/A*	0.50	0.20	-0.11