Remand status at Crown Court

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1. Main facts and figures

  • in 2016, the percentage of defendants at the Crown Court remanded in custody fell for most ethnic groups compared to the years from 2012 to 2015

  • in 2016, Black defendants were more likely than any other ethnic group to be remanded in custody

  • from 2012 to 2016, White defendants were consistently less likely to be remanded in custody, and consistently more likely to have a remand status of ‘not remanded’, than any other ethnic group

Things you need to know

The Ministry of Justice's case management system (CREST) only gives data for remand in the Crown Court. Magistrates' courts are not included because there is not enough ethnicity data for offences dealt with by those courts. This also means that defendants who originally appeared in a magistrates' court, and later appeared in the Crown Court, will not be counted twice.

If a defendant has more than one remand status during court proceedings, only the most serious status will be recorded. For example, if a defendant is remanded on bail and then later remanded in custody, their status will be recorded as custody.

The data does not include details of the offence for which the defendant has been charged. It is likely that the severity of the offence will influence the type of remand status (bail or custody) given to the defendant.

What the data measures

This data measures the percentage of defendants in the Crown Court, within different ethnic groups, who are remanded on bail or custody, or not remanded.

Remand is the way that people who are charged with a crime (‘defendants’) are dealt with until the court hearings for that crime are completed. They can be:

  • remanded on bail, meaning they are allowed to return home until the court hearing (sometimes with certain conditions)
  • remanded in custody, which means they will be held in prison
  • not remanded, meaning they have not been given bail or custody at some point during the proceedings

After arrest, the police will decide a defendant’s remand status (bail or custody), which lasts until their first court hearing at the magistrates’ court. After that, the courts will decide the defendant’s remand status at each hearing in the proceedings. Different remand decisions for the same defendant may be made during the court process.

Some offences are dealt with entirely in the magistrates’ court, but others (usually more serious offences) go from there to the Crown Court. This data focuses on defendants in the Crown Court.

Defendants are also classified by age group, so that:

  • adults are aged 21 and over
  • young adults are aged 18 to 20
  • juveniles are under the age of 18

The data is taken from the Ministry of Justice's case management system for the Crown Court (CREST).

The ethnic categories used in this data

The analysis uses the following broad ethnic categories, based on the 2001 Census:

  • White
  • Mixed / Multiple ethnic groups
  • Asian / Asian British
  • Black / African / Caribbean / Black British
  • Other ethnic group (which includes Chinese)

There is also a ‘not stated’ category, which is made up of people whose ethnicity has not been recorded or who chose not to state their ethnicity.

2. Remand status at Crown Court by ethnicity

Location:
England and Wales
Time period:
2012 to 2016
Source:
Criminal justice statistics
Percentage and number of people remanded at Crown Court by ethnicity from 2012 to 2016
Not remanded Bail Custody
Year Not remanded Ethnicity Not remanded % Not remanded Number Bail Ethnicity Bail % Bail Number Custody Ethnicity Custody % Custody Number
2012 White 17.4 12,479 White 49.5 35,535 White 33.1 23,803
2012 Black 10.9 1,145 Black 43.8 4,580 Black 45.3 4,743
2012 Asian 9.8 716 Asian 55.6 4,052 Asian 34.6 2,526
2012 Mixed 14.5 457 Mixed 43.9 1,380 Mixed 41.5 1,304
2012 Chinese or other 14.3 261 Chinese or other 41.1 749 Chinese or other 44.6 813
2012 Not stated 18.7 1,942 Not stated 49.5 5,143 Not stated 31.9 3,315
2013 White 18.0 12,160 White 47.2 31,888 White 34.8 23,460
2013 Black 11.4 1,087 Black 42.6 4,052 Black 46.0 4,377
2013 Asian 10.2 697 Asian 55.0 3,772 Asian 34.8 2,383
2013 Mixed 14.6 426 Mixed 42.4 1,238 Mixed 43.0 1,257
2013 Chinese or other 13.0 214 Chinese or other 40.2 662 Chinese or other 46.8 770
2013 Not stated 17.3 1,824 Not stated 49.0 5,171 Not stated 33.7 3,554
2014 White 15.4 10,524 White 47.7 32,521 White 36.8 25,111
2014 Black 9.7 903 Black 43.2 4,022 Black 47.1 4,388
2014 Asian 9.3 616 Asian 53.7 3,567 Asian 37.0 2,454
2014 Mixed 13.3 374 Mixed 41.9 1,177 Mixed 44.8 1,259
2014 Chinese or other 11.1 170 Chinese or other 44.6 684 Chinese or other 44.3 678
2014 Not stated 16.5 1,969 Not stated 50.5 6,033 Not stated 33.0 3,946
2015 White 14.2 9,592 White 49.2 33,188 White 36.5 24,623
2015 Black 10.1 926 Black 44.1 4,035 Black 45.8 4,190
2015 Asian 8.7 590 Asian 54.5 3,676 Asian 36.7 2,478
2015 Mixed 11.5 322 Mixed 45.7 1,280 Mixed 42.8 1,199
2015 Chinese or other 10.5 166 Chinese or other 45.8 728 Chinese or other 43.7 694
2015 Not stated 15.8 2,261 Not stated 51.8 7,400 Not stated 32.4 4,638
2016 White 17.5 10,512 White 47.6 28,530 White 34.9 20,894
2016 Black 12.8 1,160 Black 44.3 4,010 Black 42.8 3,876
2016 Asian 11.5 715 Asian 52.2 3,237 Asian 36.3 2,251
2016 Mixed 16.0 401 Mixed 42.8 1,074 Mixed 41.2 1,034
2016 Chinese or other 11.4 155 Chinese or other 49.4 670 Chinese or other 39.2 532
2016 Not stated 17.3 2,873 Not stated 50.3 8,361 Not stated 32.4 5,386

Download table data for ‘Remand status at Crown Court by ethnicity’ (CSV) Source data for ‘Remand status at Crown Court by ethnicity’ (CSV)

Summary of Remand status at Crown Court Remand status at Crown Court by ethnicity Summary

This data shows that:

  • in 2016, defendants in each ethnic group were more likely to be remanded on bail than to be remanded in custody

  • from 2012 to 2015, Black defendants were more likely to be remanded in custody than any other outcome, but in 2016, they were more likely to be remanded on bail

  • from 2012 to 2016, defendants from White and Asian ethnic groups were least likely to be remanded in custody compared to other groups

3. Remand status at Crown Court by ethnicity and gender

Location:
England and Wales
Time period:
2012 to 2016
Source:
Criminal justice statistics
Percentage of people remanded at Crown Court by ethnicity and gender from 2012 to 2016
Not remanded Bail Custody
Year Not remanded Ethnicity Not remanded Gender Not remanded % Bail Ethnicity Bail Gender Bail % Custody Ethnicity Custody Gender Custody %
2012 White Male 17.7 White Male 47.5 White Male 34.8
2012 Black Male 10.8 Black Male 42.0 Black Male 47.2
2012 Asian Male 10.0 Asian Male 54.5 Asian Male 35.6
2012 Mixed Male 14.7 Mixed Male 41.3 Mixed Male 44.0
2012 Chinese or other Male 14.8 Chinese or other Male 39.0 Chinese or other Male 46.2
2012 Not stated Male 18.4 Not stated Male 45.9 Not stated Male 35.7
2012 White Female 14.6 White Female 65.6 White Female 19.8
2012 Black Female 12.0 Black Female 62.4 Black Female 25.6
2012 Asian Female 7.5 Asian Female 73.2 Asian Female 19.2
2012 Mixed Female 13.3 Mixed Female 64.4 Mixed Female 22.2
2012 Chinese or other Female 10.2 Chinese or other Female 57.8 Chinese or other Female 32.0
2012 Not stated Female 20.0 Not stated Female 67.5 Not stated Female 12.5
2013 White Male 18.3 White Male 45.3 White Male 36.4
2013 Black Male 11.7 Black Male 40.7 Black Male 47.6
2013 Asian Male 10.2 Asian Male 54.1 Asian Male 35.6
2013 Mixed Male 14.8 Mixed Male 40.1 Mixed Male 45.0
2013 Chinese or other Male 13.5 Chinese or other Male 38.0 Chinese or other Male 48.6
2013 Not stated Male 17.0 Not stated Male 45.6 Not stated Male 37.4
2013 White Female 15.6 White Female 64.5 White Female 20.0
2013 Black Female 8.3 Black Female 64.6 Black Female 27.1
2013 Asian Female 8.8 Asian Female 72.9 Asian Female 18.2
2013 Mixed Female 12.1 Mixed Female 64.3 Mixed Female 23.5
2013 Chinese or other Female 8.9 Chinese or other Female 60.1 Chinese or other Female 31.0
2013 Not stated Female 18.7 Not stated Female 67.2 Not stated Female 14.1
2014 White Male 15.7 White Male 45.9 White Male 38.4
2014 Black Male 9.8 Black Male 41.8 Black Male 48.4
2014 Asian Male 9.4 Asian Male 52.8 Asian Male 37.8
2014 Mixed Male 13.4 Mixed Male 39.7 Mixed Male 47.0
2014 Chinese or other Male 10.6 Chinese or other Male 42.8 Chinese or other Male 46.6
2014 Not stated Male 16.4 Not stated Male 46.5 Not stated Male 37.1
2014 White Female 13.3 White Female 63.2 White Female 23.6
2014 Black Female 8.4 Black Female 61.0 Black Female 30.6
2014 Asian Female 6.7 Asian Female 72.6 Asian Female 20.7
2014 Mixed Female 12.8 Mixed Female 63.0 Mixed Female 24.2
2014 Chinese or other Female 14.4 Chinese or other Female 58.3 Chinese or other Female 27.3
2014 Not stated Female 16.8 Not stated Female 70.3 Not stated Female 12.9
2015 White Male 14.4 White Male 47.2 White Male 38.4
2015 Black Male 10.3 Black Male 41.9 Black Male 47.7
2015 Asian Male 9.0 Asian Male 53.3 Asian Male 37.7
2015 Mixed Male 11.7 Mixed Male 43.1 Mixed Male 45.3
2015 Chinese or other Male 10.0 Chinese or other Male 43.8 Chinese or other Male 46.2
2015 Not stated Male 16.1 Not stated Male 48.1 Not stated Male 35.8
2015 White Female 12.7 White Female 66.3 White Female 21.0
2015 Black Female 7.5 Black Female 68.3 Black Female 24.2
2015 Asian Female 4.4 Asian Female 75.3 Asian Female 20.3
2015 Mixed Female 10.0 Mixed Female 68.4 Mixed Female 21.6
2015 Chinese or other Female 13.8 Chinese or other Female 60.2 Chinese or other Female 26.0
2015 Not stated Female 14.2 Not stated Female 71.3 Not stated Female 14.5
2016 White Male 17.9 White Male 45.8 White Male 36.3
2016 Black Male 13.0 Black Male 42.6 Black Male 44.4
2016 Asian Male 11.8 Asian Male 51.2 Asian Male 37.0
2016 Mixed Male 16.7 Mixed Male 40.5 Mixed Male 42.9
2016 Chinese or other Male 11.6 Chinese or other Male 47.9 Chinese or other Male 40.5
2016 Not stated Male 17.6 Not stated Male 47.4 Not stated Male 35.0
2016 White Female 14.8 White Female 63.1 White Female 22.1
2016 Black Female 10.5 Black Female 66.5 Black Female 23.0
2016 Asian Female 6.1 Asian Female 70.6 Asian Female 23.2
2016 Mixed Female 9.4 Mixed Female 65.7 Mixed Female 24.9
2016 Chinese or other Female 9.2 Chinese or other Female 64.7 Chinese or other Female 26.1
2016 Not stated Female 15.3 Not stated Female 69.7 Not stated Female 15.1

Download table data for ‘Remand status at Crown Court by ethnicity and gender’ (CSV) Source data for ‘Remand status at Crown Court by ethnicity and gender’ (CSV)

Summary of Remand status at Crown Court Remand status at Crown Court by ethnicity and gender Summary

This data shows that:

  • from 2012 to 2016, in each ethnic group male defendants were more likely than female defendants to be remanded in custody

4. Remand status at Crown Court by ethnicity and age group

Location:
England and Wales
Time period:
2012 to 2016
Source:
Criminal justice statistics
Percentage of people remanded at Crown Court by ethnicity and age group from 2012 to 2016
Not remanded Bail Custody
Year Not remanded Ethnicity Not remanded Age group Not remanded % Bail Ethnicity Bail Age group Bail % Custody Ethnicity Custody Age group Custody %
2012 White Juveniles 3.3 White Juveniles 65.3 White Juveniles 31.3
2012 Black Juveniles 2.3 Black Juveniles 46.8 Black Juveniles 51.0
2012 Asian Juveniles 4.5 Asian Juveniles 62.9 Asian Juveniles 32.6
2012 Mixed Juveniles 4.8 Mixed Juveniles 55.7 Mixed Juveniles 39.5
2012 Chinese or other Juveniles 6.6 Chinese or other Juveniles 50.8 Chinese or other Juveniles 42.6
2012 Not stated Juveniles 9.1 Not stated Juveniles 51.4 Not stated Juveniles 39.5
2012 White Young adults 17.2 White Young adults 49.0 White Young adults 33.8
2012 Black Young adults 11.0 Black Young adults 41.3 Black Young adults 47.6
2012 Asian Young adults 11.0 Asian Young adults 54.8 Asian Young adults 34.2
2012 Mixed Young adults 14.3 Mixed Young adults 42.2 Mixed Young adults 43.4
2012 Chinese or other Young adults 9.9 Chinese or other Young adults 35.1 Chinese or other Young adults 55.0
2012 Not stated Young adults 20.9 Not stated Young adults 41.4 Not stated Young adults 37.7
2012 White Adults 17.7 White Adults 49.2 White Adults 33.1
2012 Black Adults 11.5 Black Adults 44.1 Black Adults 44.4
2012 Asian Adults 9.8 Asian Adults 55.4 Asian Adults 34.8
2012 Mixed Adults 15.3 Mixed Adults 43.6 Mixed Adults 41.1
2012 Chinese or other Adults 15.2 Chinese or other Adults 41.5 Chinese or other Adults 43.3
2012 Not stated Adults 18.6 Not stated Adults 50.3 Not stated Adults 31.0
2013 White Juveniles 6.4 White Juveniles 60.1 White Juveniles 33.5
2013 Black Juveniles 6.3 Black Juveniles 48.8 Black Juveniles 44.9
2013 Asian Juveniles 2.8 Asian Juveniles 71.6 Asian Juveniles 25.6
2013 Mixed Juveniles 6.9 Mixed Juveniles 49.4 Mixed Juveniles 43.8
2013 Chinese or other Juveniles 16.7 Chinese or other Juveniles 45.8 Chinese or other Juveniles 37.5
2013 Not stated Juveniles 9.0 Not stated Juveniles 48.3 Not stated Juveniles 42.8
2013 White Young adults 19.4 White Young adults 45.2 White Young adults 35.5
2013 Black Young adults 11.6 Black Young adults 38.1 Black Young adults 50.2
2013 Asian Young adults 8.8 Asian Young adults 56.2 Asian Young adults 35.0
2013 Mixed Young adults 16.3 Mixed Young adults 39.9 Mixed Young adults 43.8
2013 Chinese or other Young adults 14.3 Chinese or other Young adults 32.3 Chinese or other Young adults 53.4
2013 Not stated Young adults 19.5 Not stated Young adults 38.4 Not stated Young adults 42.1
2013 White Adults 18.1 White Adults 47.2 White Adults 34.7
2013 Black Adults 11.7 Black Adults 43.1 Black Adults 45.3
2013 Asian Adults 10.6 Asian Adults 54.4 Asian Adults 35.0
2013 Mixed Adults 14.7 Mixed Adults 42.5 Mixed Adults 42.8
2013 Chinese or other Adults 12.8 Chinese or other Adults 40.8 Chinese or other Adults 46.3
2013 Not stated Adults 17.3 Not stated Adults 50.0 Not stated Adults 32.7
2014 White Juveniles 6.1 White Juveniles 64.1 White Juveniles 29.9
2014 Black Juveniles 7.3 Black Juveniles 45.4 Black Juveniles 47.3
2014 Asian Juveniles 8.8 Asian Juveniles 69.8 Asian Juveniles 21.4
2014 Mixed Juveniles 6.8 Mixed Juveniles 49.6 Mixed Juveniles 43.6
2014 Chinese or other Juveniles #VALUE! Chinese or other Juveniles 32.0 Chinese or other Juveniles 68.0
2014 Not stated Juveniles 9.6 Not stated Juveniles 45.5 Not stated Juveniles 44.9
2014 White Young adults 16.1 White Young adults 49.2 White Young adults 34.7
2014 Black Young adults 9.4 Black Young adults 42.4 Black Young adults 48.1
2014 Asian Young adults 11.3 Asian Young adults 54.1 Asian Young adults 34.6
2014 Mixed Young adults 11.2 Mixed Young adults 43.8 Mixed Young adults 45.0
2014 Chinese or other Young adults 8.6 Chinese or other Young adults 45.3 Chinese or other Young adults 46.0
2014 Not stated Young adults 17.2 Not stated Young adults 43.4 Not stated Young adults 39.4
2014 White Adults 15.5 White Adults 47.2 White Adults 37.2
2014 Black Adults 9.8 Black Adults 43.2 Black Adults 46.9
2014 Asian Adults 9.0 Asian Adults 53.2 Asian Adults 37.8
2014 Mixed Adults 14.2 Mixed Adults 40.9 Mixed Adults 44.8
2014 Chinese or other Adults 11.5 Chinese or other Adults 44.8 Chinese or other Adults 43.6
2014 Not stated Adults 16.5 Not stated Adults 51.2 Not stated Adults 32.3
2015 White Juveniles 8.6 White Juveniles 60.8 White Juveniles 30.6
2015 Black Juveniles 7.6 Black Juveniles 44.6 Black Juveniles 47.8
2015 Asian Juveniles 7.1 Asian Juveniles 58.7 Asian Juveniles 34.1
2015 Mixed Juveniles 9.1 Mixed Juveniles 56.4 Mixed Juveniles 34.5
2015 Chinese or other Juveniles 7.7 Chinese or other Juveniles 43.6 Chinese or other Juveniles 48.7
2015 Not stated Juveniles 16.2 Not stated Juveniles 51.4 Not stated Juveniles 32.4
2015 White Young adults 15.3 White Young adults 50.9 White Young adults 33.8
2015 Black Young adults 13.0 Black Young adults 39.2 Black Young adults 47.8
2015 Asian Young adults 10.1 Asian Young adults 54.0 Asian Young adults 35.9
2015 Mixed Young adults 10.6 Mixed Young adults 47.9 Mixed Young adults 41.5
2015 Chinese or other Young adults 11.7 Chinese or other Young adults 47.2 Chinese or other Young adults 41.1
2015 Not stated Young adults 19.0 Not stated Young adults 42.5 Not stated Young adults 38.5
2015 White Adults 14.2 White Adults 48.9 White Adults 36.9
2015 Black Adults 9.7 Black Adults 45.0 Black Adults 45.3
2015 Asian Adults 8.6 Asian Adults 54.5 Asian Adults 36.9
2015 Mixed Adults 11.8 Mixed Adults 44.7 Mixed Adults 43.5
2015 Chinese or other Adults 10.4 Chinese or other Adults 45.7 Chinese or other Adults 43.9
2015 Not stated Adults 15.5 Not stated Adults 52.5 Not stated Adults 31.9
2016 White Juveniles 12.1 White Juveniles 62.2 White Juveniles 25.8
2016 Black Juveniles 15.4 Black Juveniles 36.1 Black Juveniles 48.6
2016 Asian Juveniles 10.7 Asian Juveniles 46.4 Asian Juveniles 42.9
2016 Mixed Juveniles 6.5 Mixed Juveniles 50.6 Mixed Juveniles 42.9
2016 Chinese or other Juveniles 4.8 Chinese or other Juveniles 47.6 Chinese or other Juveniles 47.6
2016 Not stated Juveniles 20.4 Not stated Juveniles 41.7 Not stated Juveniles 38.0
2016 White Young adults 19.1 White Young adults 49.5 White Young adults 31.4
2016 Black Young adults 17.2 Black Young adults 40.2 Black Young adults 42.6
2016 Asian Young adults 12.9 Asian Young adults 55.9 Asian Young adults 31.2
2016 Mixed Young adults 21.6 Mixed Young adults 41.1 Mixed Young adults 37.3
2016 Chinese or other Young adults 16.2 Chinese or other Young adults 34.6 Chinese or other Young adults 49.3
2016 Not stated Young adults 21.6 Not stated Young adults 42.5 Not stated Young adults 35.9
2016 White Adults 17.4 White Adults 47.2 White Adults 35.3
2016 Black Adults 11.9 Black Adults 45.4 Black Adults 42.7
2016 Asian Adults 11.4 Asian Adults 51.8 Asian Adults 36.8
2016 Mixed Adults 15.1 Mixed Adults 42.9 Mixed Adults 42.0
2016 Chinese or other Adults 11.0 Chinese or other Adults 51.1 Chinese or other Adults 37.9
2016 Not stated Adults 16.8 Not stated Adults 51.2 Not stated Adults 32.0

Download table data for ‘Remand status at Crown Court by ethnicity and age group’ (CSV) Source data for ‘Remand status at Crown Court by ethnicity and age group’ (CSV)

Summary of Remand status at Crown Court Remand status at Crown Court by ethnicity and age group Summary

This data shows that:

  • between 2014 and 2016, the percentage of Asian juvenile defendants remanded in custody doubled, from 21% in 2014 to 43% in 2016

  • in 2016, Black juvenile and young adult defendants ethnic backgrounds were more likely to be remanded in custody then remanded on bail, unlike most other groups

5. Methodology

The analysis uses administrative data from the Crown Court (CREST). The data counts individual people (defendants) not cases. Multiple defendants are counted for one case where applicable. Each defendant is only counted once, even if multiple offences are committed. When a defendant has been found guilty of two or more offences it is the offence for which the heaviest penalty is imposed.

Every effort is made to ensure that the figures presented are accurate and complete. However, it is important to note that this data has been extracted from large administrative data systems generated by the courts and police forces. As a consequence, care should be taken to ensure data collection processes and their inevitable limitations are taken into account when this data is used.

Rounding

Data is rounded to 1 decimal place

Further technical information

Guide to criminal justice statistics (PDF opens in a new window or tab)

6. Data sources

Source

Type of data

Administrative data

Type of statistic

Official statistics

Publisher

Ministry of Justice

Publication frequency

Quarterly

Purpose of data source

The data is used by the government to develop, monitor and evaluate criminal justice policy. It reports on activity in the criminal justice system for England and Wales, giving information for the latest year and longer-term trends.

7. Download the data

Remand status at Crown Court - Spreadsheet (csv) 206 KB

This file contains the following: ethnicity, year, gender, age group, remand status, value, denominator, numerator

Publication release date: 10 October 2017

full page history
  1. First published

From: Ministry of Justice

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