Economic inactivity by qualification level
Published
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- 1. Navigate toMain facts and figures section
- 2. Navigate toThings you need to know section
- 3. Navigate to By ethnicity and qualification level section
- 4. Navigate to By ethnicity and qualification level (men only) section
- 5. Navigate to By ethnicity and qualification level (women only) section
- 6. Navigate toData sources section
- 7. Navigate toDownload the data section
1. Main facts and figures
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19% of working age people (16 to 64 year olds) were ‘economically inactive’ in 2021 – this broadly means they were out of work and not actively looking for work or in full-time education
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in every ethnic group, 16 to 64 year olds with a level 4 qualification or above (equivalent to degree level) were less likely to be economically inactive than those with lower level qualifications
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at almost all qualification levels, white 16 to 64 year olds were the least likely to be economically inactive out of all ethnic groups
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in every ethnic group, women had higher rates of economic inactivity than men
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Asian women had the highest rate of economic inactivity out of all ethnic groups (32%)
2. Things you need to know
What the data measures
The data measures the percentage of working age people (16 to 64 year olds) who were ‘economically inactive’.
A person of working age is economically inactive if they are:
- out of work
- not actively looking for work
- not waiting to start a job
- not in full-time education
- caring for their family
- retired
The data also shows rates of economic inactivity for each qualification level, which relates to someone’s highest qualification.
The qualification levels are:
- level 4 or above (degree level or equivalent)
- level 3 (2 or more A levels or equivalent)
- level 2 (5 or more GCSE passes at grades 4 to 9 or equivalent)
- below level 2 (fewer than 5 GCSE passes at grades 4 to 9 or equivalent)
- no qualifications
- other qualifications, including those from outside the UK and some professional qualifications where the level is not clear
Percentages in the charts and tables are rounded to whole numbers.
Not included in the data
The data does not include estimates based on fewer than:
- 30 people for data for all ethnic groups combined
- 100 people for data by ethnicity
This is to protect people’s confidentiality and because the numbers involved are too small to make reliable generalisations.
The ethnic groups used in the data
Estimates are shown for the following 5 aggregated ethnic groups:
- Asian
- black
- mixed
- white
- 'other'
This is because the number of people surveyed was too small to make any reliable conclusions about any of the 18 ethnic groups.
Methodology
Read the detailed methodology document for this data.
The Annual Population Survey updated its ethnicity questions in 2011. As a result, estimates from before and after 2011 may not be consistent, and data for individual ethnic groups in 2011 is not available.
The figures on this page are based on survey data. Find out more about:
- interpreting survey data, including how reliability is affected by the number of people surveyed
- how weighting is used to make survey data more representative of the general population
In the data file
See Download the data for:
- estimates rounded to 1 decimal place
- confidence intervals for each ethnic group – find out more about how we use confidence intervals to determine how reliable estimates are
- estimates for 2 ethnic groups, white and all other ethnic groups combined
3. By ethnicity and qualification level
| Highest Qualification Held | All | Asian | Black | Mixed | White | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 19 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 18 | 22 |
| Level 4 And Above | 11 | 12 | 12 | 9 | 11 | 15 |
| Level 3 | 15 | 19 | 17 | 12 | 15 | 20 |
| Level 2 | 24 | 37 | 31 | 42 | 23 | 38 |
| Below Level 2 | 27 | 30 | 29 | 39 | 26 | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable |
| Other Qualifications | 22 | 27 | 27 | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable | 20 | 27 |
| No Qualifications | 51 | 51 | 53 | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable | 51 | 47 |
Download table data for ‘By ethnicity and qualification level’ (CSV) Source data for ‘By ethnicity and qualification level’ (CSV)
Summary of Economic inactivity by qualification level By ethnicity and qualification level Summary
The data shows that in 2021:
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19% of people aged 16 to 64 were economically inactive
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at almost all qualification levels, white 16 to 64 year olds were the least likely out of all ethnic groups to be economically inactive
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among 16 to 64 year olds with level 2 qualifications (such as 5 GCSE passes), those from the mixed ethnic group had the highest rate of economic inactivity out of all ethnic groups (42%)
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in every ethnic group, a lower percentage of 16 to 64 year olds with a level 4 qualification or above (equivalent to degree level) were economically inactive compared with people with lower level qualifications
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among 16 to 64 year olds with no qualifications, black people had the highest rate of economic inactivity (53%) – people in the ‘other’ ethnic group had the lowest (47%)
4. By ethnicity and qualification level (men only)
| Highest Qualification Held | All | Asian | Black | Mixed | White | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 15 | 11 | 17 | 20 | 15 | 13 |
| Level 4 And Above | 8 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| Level 3 | 12 | 12 | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable | 12 | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable |
| Level 2 | 18 | 23 | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable | 18 | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable |
| Below Level 2 | 20 | 10 | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable | 20 | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable |
| Other Qualifications | 15 | 10 | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable | 16 | 16 |
| No Qualifications | 43 | 30 | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable | 44 | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable |
Download table data for ‘By ethnicity and qualification level (men only)’ (CSV) Source data for ‘By ethnicity and qualification level (men only)’ (CSV)
Summary of Economic inactivity by qualification level By ethnicity and qualification level (men only) Summary
The data shows that in 2021:
-
15% of men aged 16 to 64 were economically inactive
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among men with a level 4 qualification or above (equivalent to degree level), men from the Asian ethnic group had the lowest economic inactivity rate out of all ethnic groups (5%)
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among men with no qualifications, white men were the most likely out of all ethnic groups to be economically inactive (44%) – Asian men were the least likely (30%)
5. By ethnicity and qualification level (women only)
| Highest Qualification Held | All | Asian | Black | Mixed | White | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 23 | 32 | 24 | 23 | 22 | 29 |
| Below Level 2 | 35 | 50 | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable | 33 | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable |
| Level 2 | 29 | 51 | 32 | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable | 28 | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable |
| Level 3 | 19 | 25 | 20 | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable | 18 | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable |
| Level 4 And Above | 14 | 18 | 16 | 10 | 13 | 20 |
| No Qualifications | 61 | 70 | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable | 59 | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable |
| Other Qualifications | 31 | 41 | 31 | withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable | 28 | 39 |
Download table data for ‘By ethnicity and qualification level (women only)’ (CSV) Source data for ‘By ethnicity and qualification level (women only)’ (CSV)
Summary of Economic inactivity by qualification level By ethnicity and qualification level (women only) Summary
The data shows that in 2021:
-
23% of women aged 16 to 64 were economically inactive
-
at almost all qualification levels, white women were the least likely out of all ethnic groups to be economically inactive – the only exception was for women with a level 4 qualification or above (equivalent to degree level), where those in the mixed ethnic group (10%) were the least likely to be economically inactive, followed by white women (13%)
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among women with a level 4 qualification or above (equivalent to degree level), women from the Asian (18%) and 'other' (20%) ethnic groups were the most likely to be economically inactive
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among women with no qualifications, Asian women were the most likely to be economically inactive (70%) – white women were the least likely (59%)
6. Data sources
Source
Type of data
Survey data
Type of statistic
National Statistics
Publisher
Office for National Statistics
Note on corrections or updates
Higher-level figures may differ from those published by the Department for Work and Pensions and the Office for National Statistics that use the Labour Force Survey.
Publication frequency
Yearly
Purpose of data source
The Annual Population Survey (APS) is the largest ongoing household survey in the UK and covers a range of topics, including:
- personal characteristics
- labour market status
- work characteristics
- education
- health
The purpose of the APS is to provide information on important social and socio-economic variables at local levels, such as labour market estimates.
The published statistics also allow the government to monitor estimates on a range of issues between censuses.
7. Download the data
This file contains the following: measure, ethnicity, year, geography, gender, age, highest qualification held, value, numerator, denominator, confidence intervals (upper bound, lower bound)