Fuel poverty
Published
1. Main facts and figures
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in the 2 years to March 2021, an average of 13.2% of households in England were in fuel poverty
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in every period covered by this data, white households were less likely to be in fuel poverty than households from all other ethnic groups combined
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in the 11 years covered by this data, the percentage of ethnic minority households in fuel poverty went down from 39.4% to 19.1%
2. Things you need to know
What the data measures
The data measures the percentage of households in fuel poverty in England.
Fuel poverty in England is measured using the Low Income Low Energy Efficiency (LILEE) indicator. Under this indicator, a household is considered to be fuel poor if both:
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they have a fuel poverty energy efficiency rating of band D or below
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they would be left with a residual income below the official poverty line if they were to spend their modelled energy costs
You can also see data on the fuel poverty gap. This shows the reduction in fuel bills that the average fuel-poor household needs to be able to move out of fuel poverty.
Percentages are rounded to 1 decimal place but have been worked out using unrounded numbers.
Not included in the data
Estimates based on fewer than 30 households have not been included. This is because it is harder to make reliable generalisations from smaller numbers of survey respondents.
The ethnic groups used in the data
Data is shown for 2 ethnic groups:
- white – white ethnic groups (including white British and white ethnic minorities)
- other – all other ethnic minorities
This is because the number of people surveyed was too small to make any reliable conclusions about any of the 18 ethnic groups or 5 aggregated groups.
Each household’s ethnic group is the ethnicity of the ‘household reference person’ (usually the person responsible for paying the rent or mortgage). There may be people of different ethnicities in the same household.
Methodology
Read the detailed methodology document for the data on this page.
Households’ fuel costs and income have been adjusted to take into account differences in the numbers and ages of people living in them.
The data is an average for 2 years, for example from April 2018 and March 2020. This is to make sure there are enough households to be able to make reliable generalisations. You can read more about combining multiple years of data and some of the issues involved.
The figures on this page are based on survey data. Find out more about:
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interpreting survey data, including how reliability is affected by the number of people surveyed
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how weighting is used to make survey data more representative of the whole group being studied
3. By ethnicity over time
| Year | White | Other than White |
|---|---|---|
| % | % | |
| 2009/11 | 20.3 | 39.4 |
| 2010/12 | 19.6 | 38.4 |
| 2011/13 | 17.9 | 35.8 |
| 2012/14 | 16.9 | 32.7 |
| 2013/15 | 16.0 | 28.7 |
| 2014/16 | 15.7 | 24.7 |
| 2015/17 | 15.0 | 26.0 |
| 2016/18 | 14.4 | 29.1 |
| 2017/19 | 13.7 | 25.2 |
| 2018/20 | 12.6 | 19.8 |
| 2019/21 | 12.6 | 19.1 |
Download table data for ‘By ethnicity over time’ (CSV) Source data for ‘By ethnicity over time’ (CSV)
Summary of Fuel poverty By ethnicity over time Summary
The data shows that:
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in the 2 years to March 2021, an average of 12.6% of white households were in fuel poverty, compared with 19.1% of households from all other ethnic groups combined
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in the 11 years covered, the percentage of ethnic minority households in fuel poverty went down from 39.4% to 19.1%
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the percentage of white households in fuel poverty went down from 20.3% to 12.6% over the same period
4. Data sources
Source
Type of data
Survey data
Type of statistic
National Statistics
Publisher
Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy
Publication frequency
Yearly
Purpose of data source
The main purpose of the annual fuel poverty statistics is to:
- monitor progress against fuel poverty targets
- track the percentage of households in fuel poverty and their fuel poverty gap
The government’s fuel poverty target for England is to ensure that as many fuel-poor households as possible achieve a minimum energy efficiency rating of Band C by 2030 (with interim targets of Band E by 2020, and Band D by 2025).
Household energy efficiency ratings go from G (lowest) to A (highest). Energy efficiency is measured using the fuel poverty energy efficiency rating.
5. Download the data
This file contains the following: ethnicity, year, value, numerator, denominator with figures for the white, other than white ethnic groups and all